Question 1

What are the four major macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 2

What are carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Sugars and starches used for energy

Question 3

What are the common categories of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

(mono=1; dia=2; poly=many; saccharide=sugar)

Question 4

What is dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of larger molecules from smaller ones, while losing water

(in carbohydrates: monosaccharides combine into disaccharides and lose water)

Question 5

What is hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Separating a compound by adding water

(in carbohydrates: disaccharides can sometimes be separated into monosaccharides by adding water)

Question 6

What are the two most common examples of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fructose

Question 7

What are the most common examples of polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 8

Why are proteins important?

Accepted Answer

They perform work in your cells and regulate tissues and organs

Question 9

What are amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Building blocks of proteins

Question 10

What is the name of bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bonds

Question 11

What are chaperone proteins (chaperonins)?

Accepted Answer

Proteins that help another protein fold properly and efficiently

Question 12

Why are lipids important?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage, structural components, and insulation

Question 13

What is an ester linkage?

Accepted Answer

The link between glycerol and fatty acids

(occurs in triglycerides after dehydration synthesis is used to create the fat)

Question 14

What is the biological difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have hydrocarbon chains connected by single bonds only, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds

Question 15

What are amphipathic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Molecules with polar and non-polar sections

(such as fatty acids)

Question 16

What is the purpose of cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Regulates cell membrane fluidity in various temperatures

Helps make vitamin D and hormones

Question 17

What are nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Chemical compounds that carry information in cells

Question 18

What are nucleic acids made of?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 19

What are nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

The building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 20

What are the two most common nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 21

What is denaturation of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A process where the protein loses its shape and function

Macromolecules, AP Biology Flashcards