Question 1

What are the limitations of Mendel's work?

Accepted Answer

It cannot account for many patterns of inheritance, such as...

sex-linked traits, incomplete dominance, and codominance

Question 2

What is non-nuclear inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Offspring getting DNA only from the male or female parent

(humans get mitochondrial DNA from the only the mother and never the father)

Question 3

What is intermediate inheritance?

Accepted Answer

When an individual with a heterozygous trait displays characteristics that are different from both parents

(their phenotype is a "mixture" of both of the parents' genes; two types: incomplete dominance and codominance)

Question 4

What is incomplete dominance (blending inheritance)?

Accepted Answer

When a dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of a recessive allele

(crossing a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon will result in a pink snapdragon)

Question 5

What is familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?

Accepted Answer

A recessive disorder that causes very high cholesterol levels, leading to heart attacks in children as young as 2

(example of incomplete dominance because having a single recessive allele (Hh) will cause higher chol. levels than having two dominant alleles (HH), but having two recessive alleles (hh) will fully cause the disorder)

Question 6

What is codominance?

Accepted Answer

When both a dominant and recessive allele fully express themselves in a heterozygous organism

(individuals with M blood have M glycoproteins on blood cells, those with N blood have N glycoproteins, and those with MN blood have both)

Question 7

What are polygenic traits?

Accepted Answer

Traits affected by more than one gene

(eye color and skin color)

Question 8

What is epistasis?

Accepted Answer

When the expression of one gene affects the expression of another

Question 9

What is pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

When a single gene has multiple effects on an organism

Non-Mendial Genetics (2), AP Biology Flashcards