Question 1

What is introspection?

Accepted Answer

Examination of one's own thoughts and feelings, often in response to stimuli presented by a researcher

(used by early psychologists; not too reliable)

Question 2

What is structuralism?

Accepted Answer

Theoretical approach that attempts to uncover structures of consciousness and how they fit together

(developed in 19th century by Wundt and Titchener)

Question 3

What is functionalism?

Accepted Answer

Approach that emphasizes the functions of the mind over its structures and how consciousness allows humans to adapt to their environment

(developed in response to structuralism by William James)

Question 4

What is the biological approach?

Accepted Answer

Approach that emphasizes biological bases for psychology, including neuroscience, genetics, and evolution

Question 5

What is behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Belief that psychology should only study observable and measurable behavior

Question 6

What is Gestalt psychology/gestaltism?

Accepted Answer

Approach that looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole

Emphasizes that our minds perceive objects as a whole, not as individual pieces

(created in response to structuralism by Max Wertheimer)

Question 7

What is psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic approach that believed symptoms are the results of problems and conflicts in the unconscious mind

(developed by Sigmund Freud and used in his therapy)

Question 8

What is psychodynamic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Approach that sees human behavior as based upon the interactions of drives and forces in that person

(used by thinkers such as Freud, Jung, Adler, and Horney)

Question 9

What is humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

Approach that emphasizes human freedom and self-development

Assumes all humans are unique and have free-will

Question 10

What is the cognitive revolution?

Accepted Answer

Rise of the cognitive approach in psychology, which investigated processes such as language, memory, and attention

Question 11

What is the sociocultural approach?

Accepted Answer

Approach that emphasizes social and cultural contexts influencing the development of human behavior and cognition

Question 12

What is client-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

A form of psychotherapy where therapists are urged to be warm, kind, and gentle

(developed by Carl Rogers)

Theoretical Approaches, AP Psychology Flashcards