Question 1

Who are psychometricians?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who attempt to measure mental traits, abilities, and processes

Question 2

What is standardization?

Accepted Answer

A two-part test that first creates norms from the test results, and then ensures the test is administered and scored uniformly

Question 3

What are norms, in psychometrics?

Accepted Answer

Scores established from the test results of representative test takers

Used to compare scores of test takers

Question 4

What is test-retest reliability?

Accepted Answer

A measure of reliability for tests, where if the same group takes the same test on different occasions their scores are highly correlated

Question 5

What is split-half reliability?

Accepted Answer

Reliability metric where the score on one half the test questions is correlated with the score on the other half of the questions

(makes sure the questions are consistent)

Question 6

What is alternate form reliability?

(equivalent form reliability)

Accepted Answer

Reliability metric that sees the correlation between tests on the same material, but with different questions

Question 7

What is interrater reliability?

Accepted Answer

Reliability metric that measures how much 2+ scorers evaluate responses in the same way

Question 8

What is validity?

Accepted Answer

The extent to which a test accurately measures/predicts what it's meant to measure/predict

Question 9

What are the three major categories of psychological tests?

Accepted Answer

Performance tests, observational tests, and self-report tests

Question 10

What are Wechsler intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

An IQ test developed by David Wechsler to measure cognitive ability

Question 11

What are Stanford-Binet intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive ability and intelligence test designed to diagnose intellectual issues in young children

Question 12

What is the MMPI-2?

Accepted Answer

A true/false self-report test that attempts to measure someone's psychological state

Question 13

What is the difference between speed tests and power tests?

Accepted Answer

Speed tests have more questions that someone can possibly answer, making speed a big factor

Power tests have questions of varying difficulty

Question 14

What is the difference between aptitude tests and achievement tests?

Accepted Answer

Aptitude tests are designed to predict a person's future performance, or capacity to learn

Achievement tests are designed to assess what a person has already learned

Question 15

What is the biggest criticism of intelligence tests?

Accepted Answer

Some cultural groups tend to score lower than others

Question 16

How did David Wechsler define intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The capacity of the individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with their environment

Question 17

Who was Alfred Binet?

Accepted Answer

French psychologist who collaborated with Theodore Simon and developed intelligence tests to find children who would benefit from special education

Question 18

How did William Stern attempt to determine the level of children's intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Using the ratio of their mental age (MA) to their chronological age (CA)

Question 19

What is intelligence-quotient/IQ?

Accepted Answer

A metric designed to measure intelligence

Question 20

Why was ratio-based IQ replaced by deviation-based IQ?

Accepted Answer

Ratio based IQ doesn't work for adults, since older adults aren't necessarily more intelligent after a certain age

Question 21

What is an intellectual disability?

Accepted Answer

Scoring 70 or below on an IQ test, and showing difficulty adapting in everyday life

Question 22

Who was Charles Spearman?

Accepted Answer

An English psychologist that pioneered factor analysis and continued Binet's work

Question 23

What is factor analysis?

Accepted Answer

A statistical procedure that identifies closely related cluster of factors among groups of items

(does this by determining which variables have a high degree of correlation)

Question 24

What is the g factor, in intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Spearman's idea of a factor that underlies all intelligences

(subdivided into less import s factors of more specialized abilities)

Question 25

Who was Louis Thurstone?

Accepted Answer

American psychologist that disagreed with Spearman's concept of g and identified seven distinct intelligences

Question 26

What is the difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is cognitive abilities that require speed and rapid learning (diminishes with age)

Crystallized intelligence is learned knowledge and skills (increases with age)

Question 27

Who is Howard Gardner?

Accepted Answer

American developmental psychologist that used the existence of Savants to criticize g factor

Question 28

Who are Savants?

Accepted Answer

Individuals otherwise considered intellectually impaired, but have a specific extraordinary skill

(typically in calculating, music, or art)

Question 29

What is the theory of multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Theory that states there are eight (or possibly nine) intelligences, rather than a single g factor

These abilities represent ways that people process information in the real world

(proposed by Howard Gardner)

Question 30

What is emotional intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions

(labeled by Peter Salovey and John Mayer)

Question 31

What is the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Theory that there are three distinct types of intelligence:

analytic (comparing, analyzing), creative (insight to novel situations), and practical ("street smarts", being able to read people)

Question 32

What is threshold theory?

Accepted Answer

A certain level of intelligence is necessary, but not sufficient for creative work

(successful creative people are intelligent, but intelligent people aren't always creative)

Question 33

What is Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A condition that causes intellectual disability, where a child is born with an extra copy of the 21st chromosome

Question 34

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

An inborn metabolism error that often results in intellectual disability

Question 35

What is the Flynn effect?

Accepted Answer

Tendency for IQ scores to increase over time, as a result of environmental/nurture factors

Question 36

What is heritability?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of variation among individuals that is caused by genetics

Testing, AP Psychology Flashcards