Question 1

What is a group in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Two or more people who interact in some way

Question 2

What are norms in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Expectations about how someone should behave

Question 3

What are roles in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Positions within a group, governed by norms

Question 4

What are relations in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Patterns of interaction between group members

Question 5

What is social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of people to perform simple tasks and tasks they've studied better in front of an audience

(especially in front of people you know)

Question 6

Who was Kitty Genovese?

Accepted Answer

A young woman in NYC who was murdered, and is inaccurately used as an example of the bystander effect

Question 7

What is the bystander effect?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of people to not intervene when in a crowd

Question 8

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of people to assume less responsibility in a crowd, as they believe others will do something

Question 9

What is social loafing?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of people to exert less effort in a group, compared to working alone

Question 10

What is groupthink?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of groups to make poor decisions, due to the urge to conform

(individuals may have better ideas, but do not want to speak up as they want to fit in with the group)

Question 11

What is conformity?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of people to mimic the behavior of others in a group

Question 12

What is the Asch conformity experiment?

Accepted Answer

A study in conformity where participants were asked about the length of a line

Participants would often give the wrong answer, only if the group also gave that wrong answer

Question 13

What is obedience in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

The act of individuals following an authority figure, even if it goes against their personal values

Question 14

What is compliance in social psychology?

Accepted Answer

Changing one's behavior due to the requests of another person

Question 15

What is the Milgram experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment where participants demonstrated obedience to authority

Participants administered (fake) dangerous shocks to another person, whenever that person gave a wrong answer

Question 16

What is the self-fulfilling prophecy?

Accepted Answer

When a person causes a prediction to become true, due to the fact that they expect it to become true

Question 17

What is the Pygmalion effect?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenon where believing you are talented at something makes you better at that thing

Question 18

What is deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

The loss of self-identity in a group

Often makes people act differently than they would alone

Question 19

What is group polarization?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of groups to make extreme decisions that normal individuals would not make

Question 20

What is a social trap?

Accepted Answer

A situation where people in a group act to meet short term individual gains, rather than prioritize the needs of the group

Question 21

What is autonomic mimicry?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to unconsciously imitate the expressions, postures, and voice tones of people around us

Question 22

What is normative social influence?

Accepted Answer

Conformity based on the desire to fit in with others

(smoking because all of your friends are smoking)

Question 23

What is informational social influence?

Accepted Answer

Conformity based on a desire to look right - looking to others who may have more information than you

(if everyone in the class gives the same answer, you feel pressured to give the same answer)

Question 24

What is out-group homogeneity bias?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to view people outside of our groups as being more similar than they really are

(if you are a soccer player, you may view other soccer players as very unique, but you may view football players as all being the same)

Question 25

What is dispositional attribution?

Accepted Answer

A type of attribution where you see a person as responsible for an event

Question 26

What is situational attribution?

Accepted Answer

A type of attribution where you see the situation/circumstances as responsible for an event

Question 27

What is the difference between dispositional and situational attribution?

Accepted Answer

Dispositional: attributes responsibility to the person

Situational: attributes responsibility to the situation

Question 28

What is stable attribution?

Accepted Answer

The tendency to believe events and behaviors are due to unchanging factors

(if you always do well in math, you see yourself as good in math; if you always pay attention in class, you see a teacher as liking you)

Question 29

What is unstable attribution?

Accepted Answer

Crediting a one-time source as the cause of an event

(if you fail a math test, you may credit the fact that you did not put in enough effort)

Question 30

What is the difference between stable and unstable attribution?

Accepted Answer

Stable: credits long term traits, such as personality or skills

Unstable: credits short term events, such as amount of effort

Question 31

What is fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to under-emphasize situational explanations for a person's behavior, while over-emphasizing their personality

(if someone is rude to you, you classify them as rude, without looking at factors such as how much sleep they got or how they are feeling)

Question 32

What is self-serving bias?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to over-emphasize your traits and personality for your success

Question 33

What is the just-world hypothesis/fallacy?

Accepted Answer

The flimsy belief that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

If you are privileged, the world seems more fair

Question 34

Who was Solomon Asch?

Accepted Answer

Researcher on conformity; performed the Asch experiment with lines

Question 35

Who was Albert Bandura?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist that helped explain the development of aggression through the Bobo Doll experiment

Question 36

Who was Irving Janis?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist that researched groupthink and coined the term

Question 37

Who was Harold Kelley?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist that contributed to attrubition theory

Question 38

Who was Stanley Milgram?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist who performed the Milgram experiments

Question 39

Who was Muzafer Sherif?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist known for the Robber's Cave experiment

Question 40

Who was Phillip Zimbardo?

Accepted Answer

Psychologist that conducted the Stanford prison experiment

Question 41

What are stereotypes, in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Beliefs about the characteristics of a group, typically based on limited information

Question 42

What is prejudice, in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A negative emotional response to a group, typically without much contact with that group

Question 43

What is discrimination, in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Different treatments of different groups, based on their characteristics

Question 44

What is ethnocentrism?

Accepted Answer

Judging other cultures based on the values of your culture

Question 45

What is stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

When a member of a stereotyped group performs worse due to the fear of confirming a stereotype about their grouop

Question 46

What is the Robber's Cave experiment?

Accepted Answer

An experiment where two groups of boys overcame prejudice by working together on a greater goal

Question 47

What is the halo-effect?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to view good-looking and charismatic people as good people

Question 48

What is altruism?

Accepted Answer

Behavior that benefits others at the cost to oneself

Question 49

What is kin-selection?

Accepted Answer

An evolutionary explanation for altruism

Proposes that people are altruistic to their relatives, to help continue genes

Question 50

What is reciprocity, in altruism?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to help people who help you

Helps explain altruism towards non-family members

Question 51

What are attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A set of emotions, beliefs, and behaviors towards a person or thing

Attitudes have a powerful influence on behavior

Question 52

What is the Central Route to Persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Convincing someone by using thought out logic and facts

Question 53

What is the Peripheral Route to Persuasion?

Accepted Answer

An indirect method of convincing someone, using personality, appearance, charisma, etc.

Question 54

What is the foot-in-the-door technique?

Accepted Answer

A persuasion technique that begins with a smaller request to encourage compliance with a larger request

Question 55

What is the door-in-the-face technique?

Accepted Answer

A persuasive technique that begins with an outrageous request to increase compliance with a more reasonable request

Question 56

What is the difference between the central route to persuasion and the peripheral route to persuasion?

Accepted Answer

Central: convinces with logics and facts

Peripheral: convinces with appearance and charisma

Question 57

What is the difference between the foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face techniques?

Accepted Answer

Foot-in-the-door: Starts with a small request to get compliance for a big request

Door-in-the-face: Starts with outrageous request to get compliance for a smaller request

Question 58

What is cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

The mental discomfort that comes from holding conflicting beliefs/values

Question 59

What is attribution theory?

Accepted Answer

Theory that describes the behavior of others by attributing feelings, beliefs, and intentions to them

Question 60

What is the mere-exposure effect in attraction?

Accepted Answer

Being more attracted to people you are in contact with frequently

Question 61

What is attraction?

Accepted Answer

The ways you are interested and feel positively towards others (romantically or platonically)

Question 62

What is physical attractiveness?

Accepted Answer

Having characteristics that are considered attractive - being "good looking"

Question 63

What is the matching hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Tendency of people to pick partners who are equally as attractive as them

Question 64

What is proximity, in attraction?

Accepted Answer

Tendency to be attracted to people close to you

Unit 9: Social Psychology, AP Psychology Flashcards