Question 1

What were the effects of the Roman Empire's decline on Europe?

Accepted Answer

Less trade, less intellectual contributions, more small wars

Question 2

What was feudalism?

Accepted Answer

The main social system in high-medieval Europe (kings, nobles, lords, knights, and peasants)

Question 3

What was a fief?

Accepted Answer

A piece of land granted to lords by a European monarch

Question 4

What are serfs?

Accepted Answer

Peasants in Europe (tied to their manor and could not travel without permission)

Question 5

What was the three-field system?

Accepted Answer

An agricultural system where crops were rotated through three fields (popular near the end of the Middle Ages in Europe)

Question 6

Who was Otto I?

Accepted Answer

A German king who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor

Question 7

What was the Investiture Controversy?

Accepted Answer

An important religious dispute over who would appoint bishops

Question 8

Who were the Normans?

Accepted Answer

Descendants of Vikings in northwestern France (eventually invaded England)

Question 9

What was the Magna Carta?

Accepted Answer

A series of rights granted to citizens

(Citizens could own land, no excessive taxes, the church was free from government, ...)

Question 10

What was the Hundred Years' War?

Accepted Answer

A series of battles between England and France (English were winning initially, but lost ground to the French)

Question 11

What was the Great Schism?

Accepted Answer

The division of the European Christian Church into two branches

(Roman Catholic Church dominated most of Europe, while the Orthodox Church was powerful from Greece to Russia)

Question 12

What was Monasticism?

Accepted Answer

The practice of going to monasteries to meditate and pray (women could become nuns)

Question 13

What is primogeniture?

Accepted Answer

The process of the eldest son inheriting all the belongings of his father

Question 14

What were the Crusades?

Accepted Answer

A series of European military campaigns in the Middle East to regain their holy ground

Question 15

What was the Black Death?

Accepted Answer

A severe plague that killed one-third of Europe

Question 16

What was the Little Ice Age?

Accepted Answer

A small climate change event that lowered temperatures globally

Question 17

What were the effects of the Little Ice Age?

Accepted Answer

Lower agricultural productivity, less trade, more disease, increased unemployment, civil unrest

Question 18

What is antisemitism?

Accepted Answer

Being against Jews (Jews were expelled from England, France, Spain, and Portugal over a few centuries, this was eventually revoked)

Question 19

What was the European Renaissance?

Accepted Answer

A period of interest in Greek and Roman literature, art, culture, and civic value

Question 20

What was humanism?

Accepted Answer

Focusing on individuals, rather than God (occurred in the Renaissance)

Question 21

How did Russia become an independant state?

Accepted Answer

Ivan the Great overthrew the Mongols that previously collected tax from them

Question 22

What was the Estates General?

Accepted Answer

A legislative body in France that represented the three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners

(clergy and nobility were a privileged minority, while commoners were the majority of peasants)

1.6 - Europe, AP World History: Modern Flashcards