Question 1

What are Gunpowder Empires?

Accepted Answer

Large, multi-ethnic states that relied on firearms to control and conquer territory

(usually in Central and South Asia; e.g., Safavids, Mughals, Ottomans)

Question 2

What is the Gutenberg printing press?

Accepted Answer

An early device for printing papers with ink

(developed in Europe)

Question 3

What did Ivan the Terrible do after he was crowned?

Accepted Answer

Expanded the Russian border eastward, becoming more reliant on the use of gunpowder

Question 4

Why did Ivan the Terrible want to expand Russia further east?

Accepted Answer

Control more of the fur trade

Question 5

What dynasty overthrew the Yuan Dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The Ming Dynasty

(the dynasty that sent Zheng He)

Question 6

What dynasty overthrew the Ming Dynasty?

Accepted Answer

The Qing Dynasty

Question 7

How was the Qing Dynasty formed?

Accepted Answer

The Manchu people from Manchuria seized power from the Ming Dynasty

Question 8

Who was Kangxi?

Accepted Answer

A Chinese Emporer who stably expanded China during the Qing Dynasty

Question 9

Who was Qianlong?

Accepted Answer

A Chinese poet-Emporer that annexed Xinjiang and killed lots of locals, under the Qing Dynasty

(Xinjiang is where Uighurs live)

Question 10

How did the Qing Dynasty get funds?

Accepted Answer

Sold trading privileges to European countries, but confined them to Guangzhou/Canton

Question 11

Why were the Gunpowder Empires initially successful?

Accepted Answer

They had a powerful military, and the nations they conquered were often corrupt

(European countries were fighting against each other, making them easy targets)

Question 12

Who was Tamerlane/Timur?

Accepted Answer

A brilliant Mongol-Turk military leader and strategist that took over large parts of Central Asia, creating the Timurid Empire

(one of the greatest military leaders in history)

Question 13

What is the ghazi ideal?

Accepted Answer

A model for how a warrior should live that was created on the Steppe

Question 14

Why did Tamerlane's empire eventually fall apart?

Accepted Answer

Wars were too expensive for its inefficient government

Question 15

What was the Ottoman Empire?

Accepted Answer

A large and lasting Islamic Empire

(lasted from the 1300s to 1918)

Question 16

Who was Mehmed II?

Accepted Answer

An Ottoman Sultan who attacked Constantinople

Question 17

Who was Suleiman the Magnificant?

Accepted Answer

Longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire that greatly expanded the empire

Question 18

What was the Safavid Empire?

Accepted Answer

A powerful Gunpowder Empire in Iran, ruled by the Safavids

Question 19

Who was Ismail?

Accepted Answer

A military hero that founded the Safavid Empire

Question 20

What is a shah?

Accepted Answer

A king/emporer of Iran

Question 21

What were the two issues with the Safavid Empire?

Accepted Answer

Lack of navy; lack of natural defenses

Question 22

How was the Safavid Empire founded?

Accepted Answer

Ismail conquered Persia and Iraq, creating a powerful land-based military

(founded in 1501)

Question 23

Who was Abbas the Great?

Accepted Answer

Shah of the Safavid Empire at its height

Question 24

Why were the Ottomans and Safavids often in conflict?

Accepted Answer

The Safavids only allowed Shia Islam, while the Ottomans had many Sunnis

(also had some conflicts over trade routes; remnants of these conflicts still exist today)

Question 25

What rights did women have in the Safavid Empire?

Accepted Answer

Allowed to participate in their societies, but were still restricted overall

Question 26

Who was Babar?

Accepted Answer

The founder of the Mughal Empire

Question 27

Who was Akbar?

Accepted Answer

The grandson of Babur who made the Mughal Empire rich and well-governed

(one of the best leaders of all time; similar to what Suleiman did in Turkey)

Question 28

How did the Ottoman Empire decline?

Accepted Answer

After Suleiman's death, there were many weak Sultans that worsened the empire

Question 29

How did the Safavid Empire decline?

Accepted Answer

Weak shahs following Abbas spent too much money, weakening the economy

Question 30

How did the Mughal Empire decline?

Accepted Answer

Corruption and a poor economy allowed the British and Maratha empire to take control

Question 31

What is the divine right of kings?

Accepted Answer

A claim that kings are sent to rule by God

Question 32

What were the justices of peace?

Accepted Answer

Officials in 1500s England that maintained peace and enacted laws

Question 33

Who were the Tudors?

Accepted Answer

A powerful Welsh-English family that ruled England for 118 years

(Shakespeare, Henry VIII, and Elizabeth I were all Tudors)

Question 34

What was the English Bill of Rights?

Accepted Answer

A bill assuring individual civil liberties and gave the Parliament power over the monarchy

(signed in 1689 by William III and Mary II)

Question 35

What does it mean for a government to be absolute?

Accepted Answer

It has very centralized power, often directed by a king with complete authority

Question 36

Who was Cardinal Richelieu?

Accepted Answer

A French minister that further centralized the French government

(made it more absolute)

Question 37

What are intendants?

Accepted Answer

Royal officials in the former French government

(carried out government policy; sometimes referred to as "tax farmers")

Question 38

Who was Louis XIV?

Accepted Answer

A powerful French King that became a virtual dictator and made France the most powerful European country

(built Palace of Versailles; also referred to as "The Sun King")

Question 39

How did Louis XIV eventually weaken the French government?

Accepted Answer

He and his successors refused to share power

Question 40

What is serfdom?

Accepted Answer

The state of being a serf/peasant

Question 41

How did Ivan the Terrible control the boyars?

Accepted Answer

Created a paramilitary called the oprichnina

(later guided the development of the Russian secret-police)

Question 42

What was the Romanov Dynasty?

Accepted Answer

An imperial dynasty that ruled Russia after Ivan the Terrible died

Question 43

Who was Peter I / Peter the Great?

Accepted Answer

A Russian tsar that modernized Russia

(revamped calender, alphabet, and reduced power of Orthodox Church)

Question 44

What is the devshirme?

Accepted Answer

An Ottoman practice that required conquered lands to give boys to be soldiers

(the soldiers taken were usually Christians from the Balkans)

Question 45

What were Janissaries?

Accepted Answer

Elite forces in the Ottoman Army

(composed of boys taken using the devshirme system)

Question 46

How did Portugal influence Japan?

Accepted Answer

Portuguese traders sold guns to Japan, which allowed certain groups to take control of the government

(specifically, the daimyo Oda Nobunaga and his samurai unified around 1/3 of Japan)

Question 47

Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?

Accepted Answer

A Japanese daimyo who was declared shogun and ruled Japan in the 1600s

(created the Tokugawa shogunate)

Question 48

What was the Period of Great Peace in Japan?

Accepted Answer

A period of stability and peace in Japan, following Ieyasu's rule

Question 49

What were shogun?

Accepted Answer

Japanese military dictators

Question 50

What did the Tokugawa shogunate do to Japan?

Accepted Answer

Centralized the daimyo system, giving power from the daimyo to the shogunate

Question 51

Why was Akbar so successful?

Accepted Answer

Created an efficient government and fair laws

(after him the government became more corrupt)

Question 52

What were zamindars?

Accepted Answer

Mughal government officials that collected taxes

(established by Akbar; became corrupt after Akbar died)

Question 53

Who was Askia the Great?

Accepted Answer

A west-African leader that made Songhai the largest west-African kingdom

Question 54

Who was Shah Jahan?

Accepted Answer

A Mughal shah that ruled in the 1600s and built the Taj Mahal

Question 55

What is Lutheranism?

Accepted Answer

A branch of Protestantism that attempts to reform some traditional practices

Question 56

Who was Martin Luther?

Accepted Answer

A German monk that created Lutheranism

Question 57

What changes did Lutheranism make?

Accepted Answer

Removed sale of indulgences and simony

(sale of indulgences=paying money to get rid of sins; simony=selling church offices)

Question 58

What were the 95 Theses?

Accepted Answer

A book by Martin Luther that outlined Lutheranism

Question 59

What was Calvinism?

Accepted Answer

A development of Lutheranism by John Calvin that emphasizes predestination

Question 60

What is predestination in religion?

Accepted Answer

The doctrine that all events have been willed by God

Question 61

What is Puritanism?

Accepted Answer

A religious movement that attempted to distance itself from Catholicism

Question 62

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Accepted Answer

A major religious movement in Western Christianity that broke Catholicism into parts

Question 63

What is Anglicanism?

Accepted Answer

A branch of Protestantism created in England by Henry VIII

(Henry created his own Church to avoid control of Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire)

Question 64

What was the Holy Synod?

Accepted Answer

The highest part of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17-1800s

(created by Peter the Great after he abolished the position of patriarch)

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP World History: Modern Flashcards