Question 1

What was the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

A European intellectual movement that emphasized science and reason over tradition

(occurred during the 1600-1700s)

Question 2

What is nationalism?

Accepted Answer

Intense loyalty to others who share your language and culture

Question 3

What is empiricism?

Accepted Answer

Belief that all knowledge comes from experiences and observations

Question 4

Who were John Locke and Thomas Hobbes?

Accepted Answer

Two English philosophers in the Enlightenment that influenced empiricism

Question 5

What is social contract theory?

Accepted Answer

An agreement between two or more people that restricts their rights for the greater good

(having laws that you can't murder people)

Question 6

What was tabula rasa?

Accepted Answer

Idea that all humans are born with a blank mind, waiting to be filled with knowledge

(opposite of what was believed at the time; developed by John Locke)

Question 7

Who were the philosophes?

Accepted Answer

French Intellectuals during the Enlightenment

(Voltaire, Baron de Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau; philosophe is French for philosopher)

Question 8

Who was Baron Montesquieu?

Accepted Answer

Philosophe that influenced the future US government by praising the idea of checks and balances

Question 9

Who was Voltaire?

Accepted Answer

Philosophe that criticized the Catholic Church and advocated freedom of speech/religion

(real name was François-Marie Arouet)

Question 10

Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?

Accepted Answer

Philosophe that expanded on social contract theory and influenced the French revolution

Question 11

Who was Adam Smith?

Accepted Answer

Scottish economist that advocated laissez-faire over mercantilism

Question 12

What is laissez-faire?

Accepted Answer

An economic approach where the government doesn't interfere much with the market

(French for "leave alone"; founded the base of capitalism)

Question 13

What is capitalism?

Accepted Answer

An economic system where the means of production are privately owned

(means of production=factories, natural resources, etc.)

Question 14

What is Deism?

Accepted Answer

Belief in a supreme creator that does not intervene in the universe

(like a watchmaker that doesn't control the watch after it is made; focused on science rather than the Bible)

Question 15

Who was Thomas Paine?

Accepted Answer

An American Enlightenment thinker and founding father who advocated independence from Britain

(wrote the pamphlet Common Sense to spread his ideas)

Question 16

What is conservatism?

Accepted Answer

A belief in traditional institutions and practical experience

(favors "tried and tested" over radical changes)

Question 17

What is socialism?

Accepted Answer

A political/economic theory that advocates the means of production being owned publically

(this is the original definition; opposite of capitalism, which advocates private owning)

Question 18

What is utopian socialism?

Accepted Answer

Idea that socialism could be achieved by persuading capitalists to hand over the means of production

Question 19

Who was Henri de Saint-Simon?

Accepted Answer

Utopian socialist that believed science and technology could solve problems

Question 20

Who was Charles Fourier?

Accepted Answer

Utopian socialist that believed in reconstructing society into communities ("phalanxes")

Question 21

Who was Robert Owen?

Accepted Answer

British utopian socialist that created small utopian socialist communities

Question 22

What was the Fabian Society?

Accepted Answer

A British society that attempted to advance socialism through votes, rather than through revolution

Question 23

What is classical liberalism?

Accepted Answer

A political ideology that advocates for free markets, civil liberties under the rule of law, and a limited constitutional government

Question 24

Who was Mary Wollstonecraft?

Accepted Answer

English feminist in the Enlightenment that argued women should be educated equally

Question 25

What is abolitionism?

Accepted Answer

Movement to end the Atlantic slave trade and free all slaves

Question 26

What happened to serfdom during the Enlightenment?

Accepted Answer

It was mostly abolished, emancipating peasants

Question 27

What is Zionism?

Accepted Answer

Desire of many Jews to establish an independent homeland in the Middle East

(emerged after centuries of anti-Semitism)

Question 28

Who was Theodor Herzl?

Accepted Answer

Jewish leader of the Zionist movement

Question 29

What was the Dreyfus Affair?

Accepted Answer

Political scandal that was caused by anti-Semitism

Increased Zionist support

5.1 - The Enlightenment, AP World History: Modern Flashcards