Question 1

What are labor unions?

Accepted Answer

Organizations of workers that bargain with employers for more rights

Question 2

Why were labor unions created?

Accepted Answer

People dealt with harsh conditions in Industrial Revolution factories

Question 3

Who was John Stuart Mill?

Accepted Answer

British philosopher that advocated labor unions, safe working conditions, and the limiting of child labor

(also created the philosophy of utilitarianism)

Question 4

What is utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Philosophy that advocates "the greatest good for the greatest number of people"

Question 5

Who was Karl Marx?

Accepted Answer

German scholar and writer who advocated for socialism and communism

Question 6

Who was Friedrich Engels?

Accepted Answer

Wealthy supporter of Karl Marx

Question 7

What is the Communist Manifesto?

Accepted Answer

A pamphlet by Karl Marx summarizing his critique of capitalism

Question 8

What is communism?

Accepted Answer

Marx's political theory where all property is publically owned and there are no social classes

(according to Karl Marx, socialism is the intermediate form between the transition from capitalism to communism)

Question 9

Who was Mahmud II?

Accepted Answer

Ottoman sultan in the 1800s that reformed the empire after industrialization

Question 10

What was Tanzimat?

Accepted Answer

A period of reform in the Ottoman Empire to modernize it after industrialization

(occurred under Mahmud II)

Question 11

What were millets in the Ottoman Empire?

Accepted Answer

Separate legal courts created by different religious communities

(Mehmed II began to regulate the millets)

Question 12

What was the Self-Strengthening Movement?

Accepted Answer

A campaign for economic and military reform in China, under the Qing dynasty

Question 13

Who was Emperor Guangxu?

Accepted Answer

A Chinese Emporer that attempted to modernize the country under the Qing dynasty

(enacted the Self-Strengthening movement and Hundred Days of Reform; stopped when Dowager Cixi launched a coup in 1898)

Question 14

What were the Hundred Days of Reform?

Accepted Answer

An attempt to reform China after the Industrial Revolution

(abolished civil service exam and implemented Western-style ideas)

Question 15

Who was Empress Dowager Cixi?

Accepted Answer

Conservative aunt of Emporer Guangxu who repealed his reform edicts

Question 16

Why did the Hundred Days Reform fail?

Accepted Answer

Empress Dowager Cixi and other conservatives staged a coup to imprison Guangxu and repeal his reforms

Question 17

What was the bushido?

Accepted Answer

Code of honor and morals followed by Japanese samurai

(became a personal matter in late 1800s)

Question 18

Who were genros?

Accepted Answer

Elder statesmen in Japan

(after the position of samurai was mostly abolished, many samurai became genros)

5.8 - Responses to Industrialization, AP World History: Modern Flashcards