Question 1

What is imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Policy of expanding a country through military power and force

Question 2

How did losing the American colonies impact Britain's imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Since they lost the American colonies, Britain looked to expand to other parts of the world

Question 3

What was Formosa?

Accepted Answer

A small republic that formerly occupied Taiwan

(Japan seized control of Formosa during the Sino-Japanese War)

Question 4

What was the first Sino-Japanese War?

Accepted Answer

A conflict between the Qing Dynasty and Japan over the control of Korea

(Japan won control over Korea; 1894-1895)

Question 5

What were phrenologists?

Accepted Answer

Pseudo-scientists that claimed non-Whites were inferior due to the shape and size of their skulls

(proven false)

Question 6

How was science misused to justify imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Pseudo-scientists such as phrenologists falsely used science to claim non-Whites were inferior

This attitude caused colonizers to see themselves as benevolent protectors

Question 7

Who was Charles Darwin?

Accepted Answer

British scientist that created the theory of evolution

Question 8

What is Social Darwinism?

Accepted Answer

The belief that the "fittest" societies were the ones that became most powerful

Often used to justify imperialism and falsely claim White biological superiority

(created from applying Darwin's theory to society; Darwin himself was not a Social Darwinist)

Question 9

How did religious motives influence imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Many missionaries were sent into colonies and often converted indigenous people to their religion (primarily Christianity)

Question 10

How did colonizers often "unify" their colonies?

Accepted Answer

Often merged multiple diverse colonies into a single colony, and introduced their language which helped unify the colonies

Question 11

Who was David Livingstone?

Accepted Answer

A Scottish missionary that worked in Sub-Saharan Africa to end the illegal slave trade

Question 12

Why could the British East India Company form a monopoly on British trade with India?

Accepted Answer

The English monarch gave the EIC a royal charter in 1600

Question 13

What was the British East India Company?

Accepted Answer

A joint-stock company that had a monopoly on British trade in India, and became Britain's managing agency in India

Eventually expanded itself all the way from the Persian Gulf to East Asia

Question 14

What was the Dutch East India Company?

(Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC)

Accepted Answer

Dutch megacorporation that had a monopoly on trade in the Indian Ocean

(eventually got corrupt and in debt, so the government took control of it in 1799; largest company to ever exist)

Question 15

How did the African slave trade influence imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Established a relationship with Europe that would be continued with imperialism

Europe continued to export manufactured goods (guns) to Africa and import natural resources (palm oil, gold, ivory)

(palm oil was needed for machines in textile factories)

Question 16

What is quinine?

Accepted Answer

A medicine that treats malaria

(discovered in the 1800s and made it easier for Europeans to settle in Africa)

Question 17

How did technology make it easier for Europeans to expand their presence in Africa?

Accepted Answer

Medicines such as quinine reduced the danger of living in human regions

Steamships helped early trips

Question 18

What is the Suez Canal?

Accepted Answer

A canal built that connects the Red Sea with the Mediterranean

Saves a trip around all of Africa

Question 19

What are corvée laborers?

Accepted Answer

Unpaid workers who are forced to work on a project as a form of taxation

(corvée laborers were forced to build the Suez Canal)

Question 20

Why was Sierra Leone established?

Accepted Answer

To be a home for freed people from the British Empire, who were formerly enslaved

(established in 1787)

Question 21

Why did Britain seize control of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire?

Accepted Answer

As a result of increased unrest in the Middle East, threatening British commercial interests (incl. Suez Canal)

Question 22

What was the Gold Coast?

Accepted Answer

A British crown colony in West Africa, that eventually became independent with Ghana

Question 23

How did the French take control of Algeria?

Accepted Answer

Drove out the Ottomans in 1830 and eventually turned Algeria into a settler colony

Question 24

What is a settler colony?

Accepted Answer

A type of colony that attempts to replace native population with a new society of settlers

Question 25

What was the Scramble for Africa?

(Partition for Africa / Conquest of Africa / Rape of Africa)

Accepted Answer

European rush to invade, occupy, and control various parts of Africa

Question 26

What was the Berlin Conference?

Accepted Answer

Meeting of European powers to decide how they should colonize Africa

Question 27

How did borders created during the Berlin Conference affect Africa?

Accepted Answer

Borders were arbitrary, and often split united civilizations while uniting bitter enemies

Led to extensive warfare by making national unity difficult

Question 28

Why was the Berlin Conference held?

Accepted Answer

Leaders feared the Scramble for Africa would result in war

Question 29

What was the Cape Colony?

Accepted Answer

British colony in the southern tip of Africa

(Dutch founded the colony, but British took control during the Napoleonic wars)

Question 30

Who are Afrikaners?

Accepted Answer

Descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in the Cape Colony

Question 31

What were the Boer Wars?

Accepted Answer

A bloody and brutal war between the British and Afrikaners

British drove Afrikaners and Africans from their lands, and forced many into refugee camps

Question 32

What were concentration camps, during the Boer Wars?

Accepted Answer

Racially segregated settlements that Afrikaners and Africans were forced into after losing the Boer Wars

(horrible conditions, especially in the camps for Africans)

Question 33

What was the Congo Free State?

Accepted Answer

A large stage in Central Africa personally owned by King Leopold II, who exploited it to make him rich

(owned personally by Leopold, not the Belgian government)

Question 34

Who was King Leopold II?

Accepted Answer

Belgian King that oversaw the invasion of the Congo to persuade the Belgian government to support imperialism

Question 35

Why did King Leopold II lose control of the Congo?

Accepted Answer

He was so brutal and corrupt that the Belgian government took control of it away from him

Question 36

What separated Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia) and Liberia from the other Africa countries?

Accepted Answer

They were the only countries unclaimed by Europeans

(Italy tried to conquer Abyssinia, but it was too strong; Liberia is somewhat dependent on the US, since it was founded by former US slaves)

Question 37

What was Ceylon?

Accepted Answer

The former name for Sri Lanka when it was a British colony

Question 38

What are spheres of influence?

Accepted Answer

An area that a specific country has power and influence over

(European nations carved out spheres of influence within China)

Question 39

What was the Taiping Rebellion?

Accepted Answer

A massive rebellion/civil-war in China between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Question 40

How did the Taiping Rebellion affect Europe?

Accepted Answer

It enabled European countries to dominate China's economy

Question 41

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Accepted Answer

A xenophobic, anti-Christian rebellion in the Qing dynasty that attempted to kill Chinese Christians

(backed by Empress Dowager Cixi; failed in a humiliating defeat)

Question 42

What was the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion?

Accepted Answer

Dowager Cixi and the Qing court were defeated, leading to an erosion of Chinese sovereignty in the following years

Question 43

What did the Dutch East India Company do in Southeast Asia?

Accepted Answer

Took over spice trade from the Portuguese and set up profital trading posts on the archipelago

Question 44

What were the Dutch East Indies?

Accepted Answer

A Dutch colony consisting of modern-day Indonesia

Set up by the Dutch East India Company, but seized by the Dutch government after it went bankrupt

Question 45

What was French Indochina?

Accepted Answer

Group of French colonies in Southeast Asia built out of a desire for cash crops

(controlled Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam)

Question 46

What was Siam?

Accepted Answer

The former name for Thailand, that was the only Southeast Asian country to avoid European imperialism

(instituted a series of reforms to industrialize itself)

Question 47

What was British Malaya?

Accepted Answer

A set of British colonies on the Malay peninsula and Singapore

(became the world's largest producer of natural rubber)

Question 48

What is a penal colony?

Accepted Answer

A settlement used to exile prisoners by placing them in a remote location

Question 49

How did the British take control of Australia?

Accepted Answer

Founded it as a penal colony that became known as New South Wales

Britain eventually took control of the entire continent

(economy was originally based on housing convicts, but discovery of copper and gold helped spur growth)

Question 50

What was the Treaty of Waitangi?

Accepted Answer

A treaty that guaranteed New Zealand's native Maori inhabitants would be protected by the British

(war still broke out as Europeans encroached on the Maori)

Question 51

Who are Maori?

Accepted Answer

Indigenous inhabitants of New Zealand

Question 52

What was the Trail of Tears?

Accepted Answer

A series of forced relocations of ~100,000 Native Americans by the US government

(horrible number of Native Americans died from malnutrition, disease, and exhaustion)

Question 53

What did the US do to Native American land during the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

Continued taking the land, as Europeans had done since Columbus arrived

Question 54

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Accepted Answer

Doctrine by that stated the US would not tolerate any European colonization or interference in the Western hemisphere

Implied that the US wanted to be an imperial power

(carried out by US President James Monroe)

Question 55

What did the Monroe Doctrine imply?

Accepted Answer

The US wanted to be an imperial power, like the European powers were

(the US played out this desire in their war with Mexico)

Question 56

What was Manifest Destiny?

Accepted Answer

The belief that it was American's natural and inevitable right to expand to the Pacific Ocean

Question 57

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

Accepted Answer

Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine that stated if countries in Latin America demonstrated "instability" the US could intervene

Question 58

What was the Spanish-American War?

Accepted Answer

A Caribbean conflict between Spain and the US, that resulted in the US gaining Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

Question 59

What was the Great Game?

Accepted Answer

A rivalry between the Russian and British empires as they competed for dominance in Afghanistan and Central Asia

Question 60

What is the Balkan Peninsula?

Accepted Answer

Geographic area in Southeast Europe

Once controlled by the Ottomans, but slowly lost control in the 1800s after a series of rebellions

Question 61

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

Accepted Answer

An act that reserved all the land between the Appalachians and the Mississippi for Native Americans

First-time European government recognized indigenous peoples' rights

(later overrun by the US after it was formed)

Question 62

How did the Cherokee adapt to white culture?

Accepted Answer

Quickly assimilated, adopting colonial methods of farming, weaving, and building

Created an alphabet, which led to widespread literacy

Question 63

What was the Indian Removal Act?

Accepted Answer

An act passed by the US Congress that forced the Cherokee and other Native American tribes to relocate to modern Oklahoma

Question 64

What was the Ghost Dance movement?

Accepted Answer

A Native American movement that consisted of rituals and traditions meant to bring back the dead to drive out the whites

(eventually fell at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890)

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization, AP World History: Modern Flashcards