Question 1

Why did the League of Nations fail?

Accepted Answer

Lacked support from the world's most powerful countries (particularly the US)

Lacked a mechanism to stop small conflicts from turning into large ones

Question 2

How was the United Nations (UN) founded?

Accepted Answer

In 1943, the US, Britain, Soviet Union, and China discussed the idea of the UN

It was later established in 1945

Question 3

What is the United Nations (UN)?

Accepted Answer

An intergovernmental organization that aims to maintain international peace and security

Question 4

What was the economic difference between the US and the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

The US was capitalist, so most economic assets were owned privately

The Soviet Union was communist, so economic assets were owned by the government

Question 5

What was the Iron Curtain?

Accepted Answer

The metaphorical split between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War

Question 6

What was the cultural difference between the US and Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

The US valued private interests, freedom of speech, and individuality

The Soviet Union valued equality, fairness, and community

Question 7

What was the political difference between the US and Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

The US is democratic, so the people could choose their leaders through free elections

The Soviet Union was authoritarian, and elections had little control over the government

Question 8

How did the US and Soviet Union criticize each other?

Accepted Answer

The US claimed the Soviet Union limited freedom of speech, religion, democracy, and business

The Soviet Union claimed the US gave the poor "freedom to starve" and discriminated against minorities

Question 9

What are the similarities between the US and Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

Big economic decisions were both in the hands of groups (US=corporate shareholders; Soviets=government)

Both acted out of fear of the other, making the military powerful

Question 10

What are satellite countries?

Accepted Answer

A country under heavy political, economic, and military control by another

(the Soviet Union had Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany as its satellite countries)

Question 11

How did the Soviet Union attempt to exploit its satellite countries?

Accepted Answer

It directed its satellites to develop five-year economic plans to replace agriculture with industry, at the expense of consumer products

Banned all political parties but the Communists

Question 12

What is World Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A Marxist concept of having organized workers overthrow capitalism in all countries

Supported by the Soviet Union, who supported communist uprisings

Question 13

What was the policy of containment during the Cold War?

Accepted Answer

Containing communism to where it is, and not letting it expand farther

(some supported a more aggressive policy of overthrowing communists to "roll back" the spread of communism)

Question 14

What was the Truman Doctrine?

Accepted Answer

A doctrine during the Cold War that stated the US would do anything to stop the spread of communist influence

(especially in Greece and Turkey)

Question 15

What was the Marshall Plan?

Accepted Answer

A plan to rebuild Europe into a prosperous and stable region, to avoid the spread of communism

(the Soviets developed a competing plan for Eastern Europe called COMECON)

Question 16

What was the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON)?

Accepted Answer

A Soviet plan to rebuild Eastern Europe, by creating trade and credit agreements

(less effective than its counterpart, the Marshall Plan)

Question 17

What was the Space Race?

Accepted Answer

A competition between the Soviet Union and US to see who could achieve superior space-flight ability

Question 18

What was Sputnik?

Accepted Answer

The first artificial satellite ever launched into space, by the Soviet Union

(the US would launch its first satellite year later)

Question 19

What is mutual assured destruction (MAD)?

Accepted Answer

A strategy where two opposing sides (US and Soviet Union) are both so powerful that war would mean that both countries are assured to be destroyed

Question 20

What was the Non-Aligned Movement?

Accepted Answer

A group of countries that didn't want to be dominated by either the US or Soviet Union

Supported a framework of international economic, political, and social order

Question 21

What challenges did non-aligned countries face?

Accepted Answer

States wanted to advance their own interests (Nehru wanted a stronger UN, but not for it to interfere with India and Pakistan)

States often became more allied with either the US or Soviet Union (Soviet Union aided Ethiopia; US aided Somalia)

Question 22

Who was Jawaharlal Nehru?

Accepted Answer

An Indian non-aligned leader, who was important at the Bandung Conference

(had conflicts with Pakistan over Kashmir)

Question 23

Who was Kwame Nkrumah?

Accepted Answer

A Ghanian non-aligned leader who helped free Ghana from Britain and advocated unity across Africa

Question 24

Who was Gamal Abdel Nasser?

Accepted Answer

An Egyptian non-aligned leader who helped negotiate compromise at the Bandung Conference and supported Pan-Arabism

Question 25

What was the Bandung Conference?

Accepted Answer

A large Afro-Asian conference where formerly colonized states organized the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961

Question 26

Who was Sukarno?

Accepted Answer

An Indonesian non-aligned leader who organized the Bandung Conference

(criticized the US and Soviet Union, but accepted aid from both)

8.2 - The Cold War, AP World History: Modern Flashcards