Question 1

What is land reform?

Accepted Answer

Dividing up agricultural land, and reallocating some of it to people who previously had no land

(vital issue in many Cold War-era countries, including China, Iran, Vietnam, etc.)

Question 2

Who was Mao Zedong?

Accepted Answer

A Chinese Communist revolutionary, who won control of China with the People's Republic of China

Question 3

Why did the Communists win popular support in China?

Accepted Answer

Retristributed land to peasants, opened schools/hospitals, and punished soldiers who mistreated civilians

Question 4

What did Mao do after taking control of China?

Accepted Answer

Nationalized industries, created five-year plans like the Soviets, and instituted the Great Leap Forward

Question 5

What was the Great Leap Forward?

Accepted Answer

A Communist Chinese policy, where peasant lands were organized into communes, where the state held land

(protesters of this policy were killed or sent to reeducation camps; 20 million Chinese died from starvation)

Question 6

What was the Cultural Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A social revolution in China that aimed at preserving Chinese Communism by purging remnants of capitalist and tradition

Question 7

Who were the Red Guards?

Accepted Answer

Groups of revolutionary students in China

(ordered by Mao to seize government officials and teachers to send them to the countryside for reeducation)

Question 8

How did Communist China and the Soviet Union interact?

Accepted Answer

Despite both being Communist, they often had border skirmishes, and fought for global influence

Question 9

Who was Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi?

Accepted Answer

The last Iranian Shah, who was given power during WWII and instituted modernizing policies

Question 10

Who was Mohammad Mosaddegh?

Accepted Answer

Former Iranian prime minister, who wanted to nationalize oil companies

The US and Britain engineered a coup to overthrow him (despite him being democratically elected) and return Shah Reza to power

Question 11

What was the White Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A series of reforms in Iran by Shah Reza without causing bloodshed

(enfranchised women; created social welfare; funded literacy; redistributed land to peasants)

Question 12

What was the Iranian Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A revolution in 1979 that overthrew Shah Reza, replacing him with a theocratic government that opposed Western policies

Question 13

How did Venezuela redistribute land?

Accepted Answer

Began in 2001, with a law that redistributed land, seizing some of it from large land owners who opposed the reform

Question 14

What did Vietnam do after WWII?

Accepted Answer

Declared independence from Japanese and French control

Communists in the North redistributed land to the peasants, but the South did this more slowly making it less popular

Question 15

Who was Jacobo Árbenz?

Accepted Answer

A democratically elected leader in Guatemala, who was overthrown by the US in 1954 due to his efforts at land reform

(the land reform affected the United Fruit Company, which lobbied the US government)

Question 16

Who was Haile Selassie?

Accepted Answer

Former Emporer of Ethiopia after WWII, who modernized Ethiopia under Western values

Didn't implement land reforms, which eventually got him overthrown

Question 17

Who is Mengistu Haile Mariam?

Accepted Answer

An Ethiopian major who helped overthrow Selassie and establish a communist government, aided by the Soviets

Resulted in mass famine, failed economics, and rebellion

Question 18

How did India handle land reform after becoming independent?

Accepted Answer

Some parts (particularly Kerala) instituted a series of land reform and minimum wage policies

The Indian central government attempted to slow down this program

8.4 - Spread of Communism, AP World History: Modern Flashcards