Question 1

Who was Władysław Gomułka?

Accepted Answer

Former secretary of the Polish Communist Party, who aimed at making Poland more independent domestically, but still allowing Soviet loyalty

Question 2

What was the Prague Spring?

Accepted Answer

A period of mass protest in Czechoslovakia, attempting to get more freedom of speech, press, and ability to travel

(Soviet leaders crushed the movement in the name of the Brezhnev Doctrine)

Question 3

Who was Imre Nagy?

Accepted Answer

Hungary's communist political leader, who declared independence from the Soviet Union and supported free elections

(in response, the Soviets invaded Hungary and assassinated Nagy)

Question 4

What was the Brezhnev Doctrine?

Accepted Answer

A Soviet foreign policy that claimed that any threat to socialist rule was a threat to all socialism

The Soviets could intervene anywhere in the name of defending socialism

Question 5

Who was Alexander Dubček?

Accepted Answer

Secretary of the Communist Party in Czechoslovakia, who attempted to give freedom during the Prague Spring

(forced to resign after Soviet invasion)

Question 6

What revolutions happened in 1968?

Accepted Answer

Prague Spring

Yugoslavian students marching against the authoritarian government

Poles and Northern Irelanders protested religious issues

Brazilian marchers demanded improvements in education and fair treatment

Japanese students protested financial policies and the Vietnam War

Question 7

What was May 68?

Accepted Answer

A period of French social unrest in May 1968 where hundreds of thousands of students and workers demonstrated

Question 8

What were the Kent State Shootings?

Accepted Answer

Police shootings at Kent State University, where police killed students during an anti-Vietnam War demonstration

(May 4, 1970)

Question 9

How did the Irish Republican Army (IRA) attempt to achieve Catholic rights?

Accepted Answer

Often used guerilla and terrorist tactics, such as car-bombs

Question 10

Who were the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Ulster Defence Association (UDA)?

Accepted Answer

The two opposing sides of the Catholic-Protestant conflict in Northern Ireland, resulting in thousands dead from conflict

(IRA=Catholic; UDA=Protestant)

Question 11

What was the Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA) organization?

Accepted Answer

An organization that used terrorist tactics to fight for independence in the Basque region of northern Spain

Question 12

What was the Shining Path?

Accepted Answer

A revolutionary organization in Peru that used terrorism to attempt to establish a communist government

(led by Abimael Guzmán; based on Mao and the Khmer Rouge)

Question 13

Who was Abimael Guzmán?

Accepted Answer

Former philosophy professor who built the Shining Path organization in Peru

(sentenced to life in prison for his revolutionary activities in 1992)

Question 14

How did states with military dictators respond to terrorism and internal conflicts?

Accepted Answer

Often responded in ways that made the situation even worse

(Spain's Franco executed thousands of political dissenters; Uganda's Idi Amin ("Butcher of Uganda") denied basic human rights and is responsible for ~500,000 deaths)

8.7 - Global Resistance, AP World History: Modern Flashcards