Question 1

What were the impacts of radio?

Accepted Answer

It brought news, music, and cultural events to a large range of people

(early 1900s)

Question 2

What are shipping containers?

Accepted Answer

Large standard-sized units that can be carried on a truck, train, or stacked on a ship

Promoted widespread movement of goods for a cheap price

Question 3

How have social media and mass communication affected governments and protests?

Accepted Answer

Videos taken on phones have sparked legal inquiries and anti-government protests

(videos of police actions causing racial profiling in the US; social media played a big role in the "Arab Spring" anti-government protests)

Question 4

What was the Green Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Massive improvements in agricultural technology, increasing agricultural productivity worldwide

(1950s to late 1960s)

Question 5

How did "crossbreeding" affect the Green Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Scientists could crossbreed two varieties of a plant to create a productive hybrid

(genetic engineering is now becoming more popular)

Question 6

What were some problems with the Green Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Many small farmers couldn't afford fertilizers or pesticides and were forced to sell their land to larger farmers or corporations

Heavy applications of chemicals damaged the soil and environment

Question 7

What is nuclear energy?

Accepted Answer

The use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity, first developed in the 1950s

(produces no greenhouse emissions, but produces some amounts of nuclear waste)

Question 8

What are antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A medicine that kills bacteria

Saved lives of soldiers in WWII, that would've died from minor infections before

(widespread use may lead to resistant strains of disease)

Question 9

How did reliable birth control affect the world?

Accepted Answer

Caused fertility rates to decline, and also reshaped gender roles

Question 10

How do vaccines affect the world?

Accepted Answer

Prevent as many as 3 million deaths each year

Caused diseases such as polio and measles to become rare, and eradicated smallpox

Question 11

How was smallpox eliminated?

Accepted Answer

In the 1960s, the WHO conducted a global vaccination campaign, completely eradicating the disease

(very small samples are kept under tight control)

Question 12

What is malaria?

Accepted Answer

A parasitic disease spread by mosquitoes in tropical areas

(~400,000 deaths per year, primarily in young African children; vaccines are under research)

Question 13

What is Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières)?

Accepted Answer

An international organization that treats disease, primarily in developing countries

Question 14

What is an NGO?

Accepted Answer

Non-governmental organization

(organizations that aren't under government control)

Question 15

What is tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

An airborne infection that spreads through coughs/sneezes and affects the lungs, primarily affecting impoverished countries

(~1.4 million deaths per year)

Question 16

What is cholera?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial disease that spreads through contaminated water, causing fatal diarrhea and dehydration

(~100,000 deaths per year; primarily in developing countries)

Question 17

What is polio?

Accepted Answer

A disease transmitted through contaminated water, resulting in paralysis and sometimes death

(rapidly declined after a vaccine was introduced; most cases are in places such as Pakistan and Afghanistan)

Question 18

Who were Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin?

Accepted Answer

Two medical researchers who created vaccines for polio, greatly reducing the number of cases per year

Question 19

What is HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Diseases that weaken the immune system, causing people to succumb to other illnesses

Contracted through exchanging bodily fluids, such as unprotected sex

Question 20

What are antiretroviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

Drugs that can stop HIV from weakening the immune system, allowing the patient to live a somewhat normal life

(initially very expensive, making it hard for impoverished patients; Brazil was an exception, providing antiretroviral drugs to anyone who needed them)

Question 21

What is ebola?

Accepted Answer

A deadly disease that causes severe bleeding, organ failure, and often death

(large outbreak in 2014 was contained by the WHO)

Question 22

What is heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Several types of diseases that affect the cardiovascular system

Question 23

What is a heart transplant?

Accepted Answer

An operation where a failing heart is replaced with a healthy heart, helping fight heart disease

(first performed by Christiaan Barnard)

Question 24

What is an artificial heart?

Accepted Answer

A temporary device that can replace a heart, while a patient waits for a compatible human heart

(designed by Robert Jarvik)

Question 25

What is Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

A form of dementia that causes loss of memory and body function, primarily affecting the eldery

Question 26

What is water scarcity?

Accepted Answer

A lack of access to freshwater, faced by ~31 countries

(~1 billion people lack clean drinking water)

Question 27

What are greenhouse gases?

Accepted Answer

Gases that build up in the atmosphere and trap heat the Earth's atmosphere, causing global warming

Question 28

What have certain companies done in response to concern about unsustainable fossil fuels?

Accepted Answer

Began to invest in renewable energy, derived from wind, solar, tidal, and geothermal power

Question 29

What are Green parties?

Accepted Answer

Organized political parties based on principles of environmentally friendly policies

(there are Green parties in almost 90 countries)

Question 30

What is global warming?

Accepted Answer

An increase in the average temperature of the world

Question 31

What is carbon footprint?

Accepted Answer

The amount of carbon dioxide each person/nation/organization produces

Question 32

What is the Kyoto Protocol?

Accepted Answer

An international treaty that agreed to reduce carbon emissions

(signed in 1997)

Question 33

What is the Paris Agreement?

Accepted Answer

An international agreement that aimed to prevent global temperature from rising more than 2°C/3.6°F

(initially backed by the US and China, but Donald Trump withdrew in 2017)

Question 34

How has global warming sparked social movements?

Accepted Answer

Various protests and social activist groups have appeared in response to global warming

(e.g., Greta Thunberg's climate strikes, Extinction Rebellion, and others)

Question 35

What is the Anthropocene era?

Accepted Answer

A new proposed geological epoch, where humans now affect almost the entire planet

(not officially ratified)

Question 36

How did Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher influence the economy?

Accepted Answer

Both advocated cutting taxes, regulations, and government assistance to the poor in order to promote economic choice

(increased overall wealth, but also increased wealth inequality)

Question 37

What is economic liberalization?

Accepted Answer

Lessening government regulations and restrictions on an economy, and often opening it to foreign markets as well

(India and other non-aligned countries relaxed restrictions during the 1990s)

Question 38

What are free markets?

Accepted Answer

Economic systems based on supply and demand, with little government control

(supported by Reagan and Thatcher)

Question 39

Who was Augusto Pinochet?

Accepted Answer

Former president of Chile, who took power in a US-backed coup against democratically elected socialist Salvador Allende

(eventually ousted due to violent tactics, such as dropping dissidents from helicopters)

Question 40

Who was Deng Xiaoping?

Accepted Answer

Leader of the PRC after Mao Zedong who transformed China into a free-market economy causing massive growth

("let some people get rich first"; PRC=People's Republic of China)

Question 41

What is a knowledge economy?

Accepted Answer

An economic system where most goods are produced based on "knowledge-based" activities

(rapid technical and scientific advancements)

Question 42

What was the Tiananmen Square Massacre?

Accepted Answer

A student-led demonstration that protested against corruption in China's government

Chinese army was sent to the scene, shooting 100-1000+ people

Question 43

How did Finland become a knowledge economy?

Accepted Answer

After the Soviet Union collapsed, Finland faced an economic crisis since its main buyer for manufactured goods was gone

Finland entered the global marketplace, encouraged competition, and invested in education/communications technology

Question 44

Why did Japan's economy grow so much after WWII?

Accepted Answer

Its government designed policies for rigorous education and local businesses

Combined with large investments (from the US and other countries), this turned Japan into a manufacturing superpower

Question 45

What are the Asian Tigers?

Accepted Answer

Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, which have achieved rapid economic growth with rapid industrialization

Question 46

What is the economy like in Vietnam and Bangladesh?

Accepted Answer

Very manufacturing based, with low labor costs

(massive clothing exports from Bangladesh; massive phone exports from Vietnam)

Question 47

What is NAFTA?

Accepted Answer

A US-Canada-Mexico trade treaty that broadened free trade between the three countries

Encouraged US and Canadian industries to build maquiladoras in Mexico

Question 48

What are maquiladoras (factories)?

Accepted Answer

Factories in Mexico that use low-wage Mexican labor to produce goods for foreign exports

(increased due to NAFTA)

Question 49

What is Mercosur?

Accepted Answer

A South American economic bloc that promotes free trade

Question 50

What was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)?

Accepted Answer

A legal agreement across many global nations that lifted restrictive barriers to trade (like tariffs)

Promoted international trade and restored economic prosperity to Europe after being destroyed by WWII

(mostly replaced by the WTO)

Question 51

What are protective tariffs?

Accepted Answer

Taxes on foreign imports that aim at protecting a domestic industry by making foreign industries more expensive

(GATT greatly reduced global tariffs)

Question 52

What is a multinational corporation?

Accepted Answer

A corporation legally incorporated/based in one country, but makes/sells goods in other countries

(Dutch East India Company and Google)

Question 53

What is the World Trade Organization (WTO)?

Accepted Answer

An intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates trade between various nations

(replaced the GATT in 1995)

Question 54

Why did the Indian economy become so powerful?

Accepted Answer

After opening its markets in the early 1990s, India's highly-educated and English-speaking workforce rose to the top of information technology

(drew investments from Western companies, such as Microsoft and Google)

Question 55

What is Mahindra & Mahindra?

Accepted Answer

An India-based multinational corporation that manufactures automotives and other technology

(one of the most trusted businesses in India, opposed to Nestlé which is less trusted)

Question 56

What is Nestlé?

Accepted Answer

A Swiss-based multinational corporation and the largest food company in the world

Received huge criticism for purchasing cocoa production from child labor and using drinking water as a product, rather than a right

(in contrast to Mahindra & Mahindra, which is very trusted)

Question 57

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

Accepted Answer

A document by the United Nations that asserts basic rights and freedoms for all human beings

(without discrimination based on "race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status")

Question 58

What are human rights?

Accepted Answer

Basic protections that are common to all people

(the UN acts to promote human rights)

Question 59

What is the United Nation International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)?

Accepted Answer

A UN agency that seeks to provide humanitarian assistance to children in need, worldwide

(formed in 1946 to help children in Europe that suffered as a result of WWII)

Question 60

What is the International Court of Justice?

Accepted Answer

A judicial body, controlled by the UN, that settles disputes over international law

(15 judges, each from a different country; mostly deals with border disputes and treaty violations)

Question 61

How does the UN attempt to protect refugees?

Accepted Answer

Works through NGO sub-agencies to provide food, medicine, and temporary shelter

(one of the earliest examples is helping Palestinians who fled the disorder after the creation of Israel in 1948)

Question 62

What is global feminism?

Accepted Answer

A movement to advance women's rights on a global scale

Question 63

What was the Negritude Movement?

Accepted Answer

A movement that emphasized pride in "blackness," rejecting French colonialism, and self-determination

(primarily in French West Africa)

Question 64

Who was Léopold Sédar Senghor?

Accepted Answer

A Senegalese poet who wrote poems about the beauty and uniqueness of African culture

(later became the president of Senegal)

Unit 9: Globalization, AP World History: Modern Flashcards