Question 1

Civil rights act of 1866

Accepted Answer

protected citizenship for black people and gave them equal protection

Question 2

Columbian Exchange

Accepted Answer

Following Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492, there was widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas.

Question 3

14th Amendment

Accepted Answer

all people born in the US are citizens of the country and therefore deserve equal protection of laws on the state level.

Question 4

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Accepted Answer

ensured all laws passed in the south would be enforced: republicans put the south under military occupation with federal troops

increased requirements for southern states to form the union: enforce 14th amendment and ensure all men right to vote

Question 5

Tenure of office act

Accepted Answer

1867: made it illegal for the president to fire a member of his cabinet w/o congressional approval

inspired by  Johnson attempting to fire a member of his cabinet

Question 6

15th amendment

Accepted Answer

1869: granted voting rights to newly freed black population of the south, but didn't include women

Question 7

National Woman Suffrage Association

Accepted Answer

formed by Stanton and Antony who fought for women's voting rights, disappointed over 15th amendment

Question 8

American Women Suffrage Association

Accepted Answer

Lucy stone and Henry Blackwell argued it was important to support reconstruction efforts federally but worked on women's suffrage on the state level.

Question 9

Freedman's Bureau (Topic 11)

Accepted Answer

Passed on March 3rd, 1865 by congress to help reunite families separated by slavery and provide educational services, social welfare in the form of food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land.

Question 10

Sharecropping

Accepted Answer

Early 1870s: Land owners provided seed and farm supplies to the worker in exchange for a share of the harvest, like coerced slavery.Black workers would agree to work in the fields, but had to sign a contract where in order to have access to this employment, they gave up labor rights and were bound to the plantations.

Question 11

Ku Klux Klan

Accepted Answer

Founded in 1867; held the belief that the white race was superior to the black race. To spread their agenda, they burned buildings, controlled local politics through intimidation, and perpetuated public and private lynchings of Black people.

Question 12

Black Codes

Accepted Answer

passed in 1865-66: prohibited Black Americans from borrowing money to buy or rent land

Black Americans were prohibited from testifying against white people in court.

allowed for racial segregation in the south

Question 13

Election of 1876 between Samuel Tilden and Rutherford B Hayes

Accepted Answer

end of reconstruction

Tilden won the majority of the popular vote, but neither gained enough electoral votes to win.

South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida: both republicans and democrats claimed victory

special commission passed with republican majority, and declared the 3 states in support for Hayes.

Dems threatened to block Hayes's inauguration, leading to the Compromise of 1877

Question 14

Compromise of 1877

Accepted Answer

Democrats agreed to concede the election to Hayes, in exchange for republicans removing all federal troops from the south.

Question 15

Lincoln's 10 percent plan

Accepted Answer

established a minimum test of political loyalty for southern states to return to the union.

could only reestablish their state governments if 10% of the 1860 electorate pledged loyalty to the union.

state legislature had to ratify the 13th amendment which abolished slavery

Question 16

Andrew Johnson

Accepted Answer

Lincolns vice president became president; no sympathy for racial equality

Question 17

Radical Republicans

Accepted Answer

congressional group that wanted reconstruction to be led by congress: passed freedman's bureau and civil rights act of 1866

Question 18

Mechanization

Accepted Answer

refers to farming being conducted more with machinery:

mechanical reaper

combine harvester

effects:

farmers could plant much more crops than before the machines: production of corn and wheat doubled between 1870 & 1900

prices decreased across the board; made it harder for small farmers who couldn't live selling their crops at such low prices

Question 19

National Grange Movement

Accepted Answer

1868: bring isolated farmers together for socialization and education

pushed midwestern states to pass laws regulating railroad rates for carrying freight and made abusive corporate practices that were hurting farmers illegal: known as Granger Laws

Question 20

Commerce Act

Accepted Answer

1886: Granger law that required railroad rates to be reasonable and established a federal agency to enforce just action, known as the interstate commerce commission

Question 21

Pacific Railroads Acts

Accepted Answer

the federal gov granted land to railroad companies who would then build a transcontinental railroad. (1869)

Question 22

Homestead Act

Accepted Answer

1862: granted potential migrants 160 acres of free land out west on the condition that they would farm it and settle it.

Question 23

Discovery of Gold and Silver

Accepted Answer

gold discovered in pikes peak: influx of over 100,000 people in kansas and nebraska

boomtowns: caused by wave of migrants searching for gold for economic prosperity

Question 24

Sodbusters

Accepted Answer

homesteaders that cut through soil with plows

Question 25

Frederick Jackson Turner

Accepted Answer

1893: closing of the frontier was a cause for concern since it would prevent westward expansion, worried that west would evolve into british land

Question 26

Reservation System

Accepted Answer

Indian populations were assigned to live on tracts of land called reservations with strict boundaries, but there were resistance movements such as the Sioux Wars in 1886

Question 27

Sioux Wars of 1886

Accepted Answer

resistance to reservation systems, fighting US army, fed gov actually signed treaties to put them on smaller reservations

Question 28

Indian Appropriation Act

Accepted Answer

1871: ended official recognition of sovereignty of Indian nations and invalidated previous treaties with them

Question 29

Dawes Act of 1887

Accepted Answer

fed gov officially abandoned the reservation system and divided reservation lands into 160 acre plots to be farmed by the Indians. Agreed to become american citizens if they settles on the land and assimilated into american culture.

Question 30

Assimilationist Movement

Accepted Answer

attempt to put an end to distinct indian cultures through education, christianizing, etc

Question 31

Ghost Dance Movement

Accepted Answer

developed by Indian prophet in northwest named Wavoka if Indian's danced with the dead ghost of their ansectors, the ghosts would return and drive the white man from their lands

Question 32

Henry Grady

Accepted Answer

editor of newspaper called "the atlantic constitution,"

coined the phrase "new south,"

believed one reason south suffered during the war was due to advancements and industrialization in north, so wanted the same for South including laissez-faire capitalism

Question 33

Plessy v Ferguson

Accepted Answer

1896: came from Louisiana which had a law for separate railcars for black and white passengers. Plessy was 1/8 black, and challenged the law by riding in the black car and was arrested, where we get the concept separate but equal.

Question 34

Jim Crow Laws

Accepted Answer

1896: Every facet of life was separated: bathrooms, fountains, public transportation

Question 35

Ida B. Wells

Accepted Answer

editor of black newspaper in the south, where she wrote about and publicized the discriminatory Jim Crow laws and wrote editorials against lynching, eventually fled to the North.

Question 36

Henry Turner

Accepted Answer

founded the international migration society in 1894 which facilitated the migration of black Americans to Africa.

Question 37

Booker T. Washington

Accepted Answer

argued that Black people need to become self sufficient economically to gain political power.

Question 38

Changes from industrialization

Accepted Answer

prior to industrialization, Americans made things either to use themselves or to be sold locally, or at most regionally

during this period, Americans began mass-producing goods to be sold all over the world

Question 39

Effect of the railroad

Accepted Answer

having a quick and easy means of transporting goods created the occasion for a national market for sales

opening up mass production and consumption

Question 40

Transcontinental Railroads

Accepted Answer

4 new were build by end of century

first one build 1869

connected Nebraska to California

New Orleans to LA

Kansas City to LA

Minnesota to Washington

Question 41

Henry Bessmer

Accepted Answer

1850s: Englishman came up with a process for making steel of a much stronger quality: the Bessemer process: blast air through molten iron

effect: enabled manufacturers to make better quality and quantity of steel than before

Question 42

Coal

Accepted Answer

first major source of energy for industrialization in factories and locomotives

oil later surpassed coal and was used in automobiles

Question 43

Telegraph

Accepted Answer

1844: created by Samuel Morse but during this period where the product significantly multiplied

communication traveled long distances

Question 44

Telephone

Accepted Answer

1876: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

Question 45

the gilded age

Accepted Answer

period of time during industrialization, where the way things are made changes for sale, specifically moving towards the mass production and consumption of goods

small businesses failed due to rise of large corporations, especially railroad, steel, and oil industries

Question 46

John D. Rockefeller

Accepted Answer

owner of standard oil, forcing competitors to sell their companies to him, practicing horizontal integration which eventually eliminated competition

Question 47

Andrew Carnegie

Accepted Answer

company dominated the steel industry

vertical integration: company gains all the complementary industries that support its business: little competition

Question 48

Laissez Faire

Accepted Answer

pro individualism: against government intervention or regulation over business practices. businesses flourished w/o regulations but mainly the wealthy

Question 49

Social Darwinism

Accepted Answer

strong should eat weak in society: strong nations should eat weak nations and strong companies should eat weak companies

world's richest were those who were the fittest

Question 50

Gospel of Wealth

Accepted Answer

Andrew Carnegie argued that those with a lot of wealth had a duty from god to invest their wealth back to society in the form of philanthropy

referred to as "captians of industry or robber barrons (more negative)

Question 51

Conspicuous Consumption

Accepted Answer

the rich wanted to showcase their wealth: 1895: construction was completed in the Biltmore house, the largest house in the nation.

Question 52

Labor unions

Accepted Answer

caused by lack of efforts to mitigate terrible working conditions, treatment, etc.

took political action, slowdowns, and strikes

Question 53

great railroad strike of 1877

Accepted Answer

railroad companies cut wages to save money during a recession, so unionized railroad workers went on strike to protest, ended up violent

Question 54

Pullman Strike

Accepted Answer

manufactured sleeping cars for trains and when the Panic of 1893 hit, pullman decided the best way to save money was to cut workers' wages, led to union strike.

Question 55

Knights of Labor

Accepted Answer

labor union that invited anyone to join

over 700,000 members

goal to get rid of monopolies and child labor

ended after Haymarket Square Riot where a bomb exploded, associated with knights of labor

Question 56

American Federation of Labor

Accepted Answer

labor union made up of craft workers led by Samuel Gompers

had 1 million members by 1901

advocated for higher wages and safer working conditions

Question 57

Ethnic Enclaves

Accepted Answer

where immigrants found a sense of solidarity with one another and re-established some of their cultural institutions.

Question 58

Exoduster Movement

Accepted Answer

mass migration of Black people into the West.

In the late 1870s, about 40,000 black southerners abandoned the South and migrated to Kansas and Oklahoma and Colorado.

organizations such as the colored relief board and the Kansas freedman's aid society provided assistance

urban settlers as domestic servants and trade workers in Kansas were the most successful

Question 59

Nativism

Accepted Answer

policy of protecting the interests of native born folks over against the interests of immigrants.

Question 60

Henry Cabot Lodge

Accepted Answer

nativist that argued that white anglo-saxon Americans were committing "race suicide" by allowing members of "inferior races" to integrate into the life of "pure-blooded" Americans.

Question 61

American Protective Association

Accepted Answer

nativist organization that was against Catholics

Question 62

Labor unions

Accepted Answer

opposed immigration because they were desperate for work

Question 63

immigrants

Accepted Answer

those arriving in the West came usually from Asia, with a small amount being Chinese

1852= 20,000 Chinese were living in california

1870=over 50,000

Question 64

Chinese Exclusion Act

Accepted Answer

1882: banned any further Chinese immigration to the US

AP US History Flashcards