Question 1

Mechanization

Accepted Answer

refers to farming being conducted more with machinery:

mechanical reaper

combine harvester

effects:

farmers could plant much more crops than before the machines: production of corn and wheat doubled between 1870 & 1900

prices decreased across the board; made it harder for small farmers who couldn't live selling their crops at such low prices

Question 2

Civil rights act of 1866

Accepted Answer

protected citizenship for black people and gave them equal protection

Question 3

Cold War March 1947-December 1991

Accepted Answer

A conflict between two differing ideologies where neither engages in open warfare with the other.

Question 4

Imperialists

Accepted Answer

wanted to expand to gain raw materials

create new markets for American made goods, including both manufactured items and agricultural goods.

Believed in social darwinism: survival of the fittest

Question 5

Freedman's Bureau (Topic 11)

Accepted Answer

Passed on March 3rd, 1865 by congress to help reunite families separated by slavery and provide educational services, social welfare in the form of food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land.

Question 6

Columbian Exchange

Accepted Answer

Following Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492, there was widespread exchange of plants, animals, foods, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas.

Question 7

Josiah Strong

Accepted Answer

published the book "our country: it's possible future and present crisis in 1895

argued that the Anglo-Saxon race was the pinnacle of human evolution, and therefore was the fittest to survive.

christian minister: christian duty to bring glory of christianity to poorer countries

Question 8

Russian Revolution

Accepted Answer

1917: Russia abolished its monarchy and adopted a socialist form of government following two successive revolutions and a bloody civil war.

Question 9

Sharecropping

Accepted Answer

Early 1870s: Land owners provided seed and farm supplies to the worker in exchange for a share of the harvest, like coerced slavery.Black workers would agree to work in the fields, but had to sign a contract where in order to have access to this employment, they gave up labor rights and were bound to the plantations.

Question 10

National Grange Movement

Accepted Answer

1868: bring isolated farmers together for socialization and education

pushed midwestern states to pass laws regulating railroad rates for carrying freight and made abusive corporate practices that were hurting farmers illegal: known as Granger Laws

Question 11

Containment

Accepted Answer

resources were dedicated to containing the spread of communism

Question 12

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Accepted Answer

argued that any country strong got that way because of their strong navy: only way to secure the markets that industrialists longed for

led to congress approving the construction of a massive new steel fleet of ships. (imperialistic efforts)

Question 13

Ku Klux Klan

Accepted Answer

Founded in 1867; held the belief that the white race was superior to the black race. To spread their agenda, they burned buildings, controlled local politics through intimidation, and perpetuated public and private lynchings of Black people.

Question 14

14th Amendment

Accepted Answer

all people born in the US are citizens of the country and therefore deserve equal protection of laws on the state level.

Question 15

Commerce Act

Accepted Answer

1886: Granger law that required railroad rates to be reasonable and established a federal agency to enforce just action, known as the interstate commerce commission

Question 16

Pacific Railroads Acts

Accepted Answer

the federal gov granted land to railroad companies who would then build a transcontinental railroad. (1869)

Question 17

Anti-imperialists

Accepted Answer

argued for self determination

America had a long history of isolationism, stressed dangers of being involved the the affairs of other countries

Question 18

Truman Doctrine 1947

Accepted Answer

Effect of containment: Harry Truman put a system in place that would aid any country that was threatened by soviet communism.

he issued this doctrine as a result of soviet pressure on turkey and greec to adopt communism

Question 19

Black Codes

Accepted Answer

passed in 1865-66: prohibited Black Americans from borrowing money to buy or rent land

Black Americans were prohibited from testifying against white people in court.

allowed for racial segregation in the south

Question 20

Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Accepted Answer

ensured all laws passed in the south would be enforced: republicans put the south under military occupation with federal troops

increased requirements for southern states to form the union: enforce 14th amendment and ensure all men right to vote

Question 21

Homestead Act

Accepted Answer

1862: granted potential migrants 160 acres of free land out west on the condition that they would farm it and settle it.

Question 22

Tenure of office act

Accepted Answer

1867: made it illegal for the president to fire a member of his cabinet w/o congressional approval

inspired by  Johnson attempting to fire a member of his cabinet

Question 23

Election of 1876 between Samuel Tilden and Rutherford B Hayes

Accepted Answer

end of reconstruction

Tilden won the majority of the popular vote, but neither gained enough electoral votes to win.

South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida: both republicans and democrats claimed victory

special commission passed with republican majority, and declared the 3 states in support for Hayes.

Dems threatened to block Hayes's inauguration, leading to the Compromise of 1877

Question 24

Marshall plan

Accepted Answer

Secretary of state george marshall sent over $12 billion to Europe to help rebuild its cities and economy, countries were in return expected to become american allies.

if nations had a healthy economy, they would be more likely to opt for a democracy rather than communism.

Question 25

Yellow Journalists

Accepted Answer

published stories exaggerating atrocities commited by spanish against cubans.

caused america to intervene, establishing naval presence in the island

1898, the US.S. main exploded in havana harbor, killing over 200 americans.

increased anger over spain ignited by the newspaper articles led to spanish american war

Question 26

Platt Amendment (affect of spanish american war)

Accepted Answer

Cuba gainst independence after spanish american war, but this amendment allowed us to intervene militarily in cuba if american economic interests were threatened.

Question 27

15th amendment

Accepted Answer

1869: granted voting rights to newly freed black population of the south, but didn't include women

Question 28

Berlin Blockade

Accepted Answer

soviet occupied territory, where stalin blocked us entry into the western part of the city

blocks of canals, roads, railways

response: US Airlift

Question 29

Discovery of Gold and Silver

Accepted Answer

gold discovered in pikes peak: influx of over 100,000 people in kansas and nebraska

boomtowns: caused by wave of migrants searching for gold for economic prosperity

Question 30

Compromise of 1877

Accepted Answer

Democrats agreed to concede the election to Hayes, in exchange for republicans removing all federal troops from the south.

Question 31

Sodbusters

Accepted Answer

homesteaders that cut through soil with plows

Question 32

Lincoln's 10 percent plan

Accepted Answer

established a minimum test of political loyalty for southern states to return to the union.

could only reestablish their state governments if 10% of the 1860 electorate pledged loyalty to the union.

state legislature had to ratify the 13th amendment which abolished slavery

Question 33

Berlin Airlift 1948

Accepted Answer

US response to berlin blockade: over 200,000 flights in us and allied airplanes to carry supplies into western berlin

berlin airlift prevented soviets from taking over the city

Question 34

National Woman Suffrage Association

Accepted Answer

formed by Stanton and Antony who fought for women's voting rights, disappointed over 15th amendment

Question 35

annexation of philippines from spain

Accepted Answer

effect of Spanish American War: philippines ceded to US for $20 mill

1898= Spanish American War

Question 36

Frederick Jackson Turner

Accepted Answer

1893: closing of the frontier was a cause for concern since it would prevent westward expansion, worried that west would evolve into british land

Question 37

Andrew Johnson

Accepted Answer

Lincolns vice president became president; no sympathy for racial equality

Question 38

NATO

Accepted Answer

US formed a military alliance with canada and other countries in western europe to resist aggressive actions taken by the soviet union: soviets responded with the warsaw pact

Question 39

Emilio Aguinaldo

Accepted Answer

Fillipino leader who attempted to overthrow US rule. War lasted 3 years. US held onto phillipenes until after ww2/

Question 40

American Women Suffrage Association

Accepted Answer

Lucy stone and Henry Blackwell argued it was important to support reconstruction efforts federally but worked on women's suffrage on the state level.

Question 41

Warsaw pact 1955

Accepted Answer

military alliance among soviet countries: response to NATO

Question 42

Reservation System

Accepted Answer

Indian populations were assigned to live on tracts of land called reservations with strict boundaries, but there were resistance movements such as the Sioux Wars in 1886

Question 43

Radical Republicans

Accepted Answer

congressional group that wanted reconstruction to be led by congress: passed freedman's bureau and civil rights act of 1866

Question 44

Queen Liliuokalani

Accepted Answer

Hawaii monarch that the US had overthrown in 1893.

annexation of Hawaii occurred in 1898: example expansion of US empire

Question 45

Open Door Policy in China

Accepted Answer

European spheres of influence were economically suppressing China

President McKinley's secretary of state John Hay gave open door note to europeans to open up trade with China to benefit US's economy.

Question 46

Nuclear Proliferation

Accepted Answer

arms race between us and soviets

soviets tested first atomic bomb in 1949

Truman ordered development of a hydrogen bomb that was tested in 1952

Question 47

Sioux Wars of 1886

Accepted Answer

resistance to reservation systems, fighting US army, fed gov actually signed treaties to put them on smaller reservations

Question 48

Progressive causes

Accepted Answer

growing power of big business

uncertainties in the economy: result of the panic of 1893

increasingly violent conflicts between labor groups and their employers.

political machine power

Jim Crow segregation in the South

Lack of women's suffrage

Alcohol

Believed that society, on some level, was deteriorating and the only cure was significant government intervention

Question 49

Indian Appropriation Act

Accepted Answer

1871: ended official recognition of sovereignty of Indian nations and invalidated previous treaties with them

Question 50

Mutual assured destruction

Accepted Answer

result if soviets and US actually used their nuclear weapons

Question 51

Muckrakers

Accepted Answer

teddy roosevelt used this term to refer to investigative journalists who wanted to expose american corruption.

insult

Question 52

Korean War 1950

Accepted Answer

Korea divided along the 38th parallel after ww2

june 1950 north koreans invaded south korea using soviet munitions and supplies

US sent troops to support the south

under general douglas macarthur, the un troops pushed back the north koreans near all the way to the southern border of china, china then sent troops to rebel against un troops below 38th pallel

proxy war between us and soviet union

direct result of truman's containment policy.

Question 53

Dawes Act of 1887

Accepted Answer

fed gov officially abandoned the reservation system and divided reservation lands into 160 acre plots to be farmed by the Indians. Agreed to become american citizens if they settles on the land and assimilated into american culture.

Question 54

Taft- Hartley Act

Accepted Answer

passed in response to labor union strikes across the nation

made if more difficult for unions to strike

union leaders had to pledge that they weren't members of the communist party

Question 55

Assimilationist Movement

Accepted Answer

attempt to put an end to distinct indian cultures through education, christianizing, etc

Question 56

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

Accepted Answer

Muckraker story exposing unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry

Question 57

Ida Tarbell

Accepted Answer

Muckraker that published a devastating expose on John d. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.

Question 58

Federal Employee Loyalty and Security Program March 1947

Accepted Answer

executive order from truman

federal employees had to swear that they weren't communists or fascists

federal investigations into the political affiliations of federal workers

Question 59

Ghost Dance Movement

Accepted Answer

developed by Indian prophet in northwest named Wavoka if Indian's danced with the dead ghost of their ansectors, the ghosts would return and drive the white man from their lands

Question 60

Jacob Riis

Accepted Answer

photojournalist whose book "How the Other Half Lives" exposed the unsanitary and disease ridden living conditions in the poor and working class living in ny tenements.

Question 61

Henry Grady

Accepted Answer

editor of newspaper called "the atlantic constitution,"

coined the phrase "new south,"

believed one reason south suffered during the war was due to advancements and industrialization in north, so wanted the same for South including laissez-faire capitalism

Question 62

unamerican activities committee (HUAC)

Accepted Answer

Searched for communist theories in hollywood ten "hollywood 10"

Question 63

Senator Joseph Mccarthy

Accepted Answer

claimed to have known 205 communists in the state department

red scare exacerbated by Mccarthyism= downfall in 1954

senate censured him

Question 64

Plessy v Ferguson

Accepted Answer

1896: came from Louisiana which had a law for separate railcars for black and white passengers. Plessy was 1/8 black, and challenged the law by riding in the black car and was arrested, where we get the concept separate but equal.

Default, AP US History Flashcards