Question 1

Causation

Accepted Answer

Causation involves understanding the cause-and-effect relationships that have occurred throughout history. This skill involves identifying short-term and long-term causes and of historical events as well as evaluating the significance of multiple causes of historical events. In order to establish cause-and-effect, it is important to understand the context of a situation.

Question 2

Strategies used by natives for settlement and advancement

Accepted Answer

The implementation of innovative strategies in agriculture, resource utilization, and social organization allowed them to create self-sufficient communities that were well adapted to their specific environments.

For example, many native societies developed sophisticated agricultural practices that allowed them to cultivate crops and produce food in even the harshest of environments. They also utilized the resources available to them in unique and sustainable ways, such as fishing, hunting, and gathering. The result was the formation of well-balanced ecosystems that provided for their communities and ensured their survival.

Additionally, the social structures of these societies also evolved to reflect their environment and the resources available to them. They developed complex systems of governance, trade, and cooperation that allowed them to work together to meet their needs and solve common problems.

Question 3

European Expansion into the Americas: Competition

Accepted Answer

The process of establishing colonies and trading posts in the New World created competition among European powers, which led to an intensification of rivalries between countries. The competition was not only limited to geographical expansion but also included the spread of religion, commerce, and ideas. This competition resulted in the emergence of new institutions, practices, and beliefs in Europe and also had far-reaching impacts on the indigenous populations of the Americas.

The pursuit of wealth, power, and influence in the New World necessitated new methods of governance and the development of new forms of economic activity, such as mercantilism, which involved the regulation of commerce for the benefit of the state. This in turn impacted the development of the modern nation-state system and the emergence of the capitalist economy.

Moreover, the religious competition between European powers, particularly between Catholics and Protestants, had a profound effect on the development of these religions in Europe. The colonization of the New World also led to the establishment of new religious orders and the spread of Christianity, which had significant impacts on the indigenous populations.

Question 4

The Columbian Exchange

Accepted Answer

The Columbian Exchange, the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, was a major turning point in world history. It had a profound impact on the development of the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere, leading to significant demographic, economic, and social changes.

The arrival of new diseases, such as smallpox, had a devastating impact on the indigenous populations of the Americas. The Spanish Empire's exploitation of the New World's resources, including the forced labor of indigenous peoples, led to significant changes in the local economies and social structures. The influx of wealth from the New World allowed the Spanish Empire to become one of the dominant economic and military powers of the 16th and 17th centuries.

The Spanish Empire's control over large parts of the Western Hemisphere resulted in the creation of a complex network of trade and commerce, which connected the New World with Europe and Africa. This facilitated the transfer of goods, animals, plants, and people, leading to the emergence of new crops, such as maize, potatoes, and tomatoes, which had a profound impact on the diets and agriculture of Europe and the Americas.

Question 5

Cultural Differences

Accepted Answer

The interactions between Europeans and Native Americans in the Americas were marked by the assertion of vastly different worldviews. These divergent perspectives centered around key issues such as religion, gender roles, family, land use, and power.

Religion was a major point of contention between Europeans and Native Americans. Europeans sought to convert the indigenous populations to Christianity, while Native Americans maintained their traditional spiritual beliefs and practices. This resulted in the suppression of Native American spirituality and the imposition of European religious norms and values.

The role of gender and the definition of family were also sources of tension between the two groups. Native American societies often had fluid gender roles and fluid familial structures, which were in stark contrast to the more rigid and hierarchical European gender roles and family structures.

Land use and ownership were also significant points of contention between Europeans and Native Americans. Europeans viewed land as a commodity to be owned and exploited, while Native Americans viewed land as a communal resource to be shared and protected. This resulted in the displacement of indigenous populations and the destruction of their traditional ways of life.

Finally, the issue of power was central to the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans. Europeans viewed the indigenous populations as inferior and sought to exert control over them, while Native Americans resisted European domination and sought to maintain their independence and sovereignty.

1.7 Causation in Period 1, AP United States History Flashcards