Question 1

What is Lutheranism?

Accepted Answer

A branch of Protestantism that attempts to reform some traditional practices

Question 2

Who was Martin Luther?

Accepted Answer

A German monk that created Lutheranism

Question 3

What changes did Lutheranism make?

Accepted Answer

Removed sale of indulgences and simony

(sale of indulgences=paying money to get rid of sins; simony=selling church offices)

Question 4

What were the 95 Theses?

Accepted Answer

A book by Martin Luther that outlined Lutheranism

Question 5

What was Calvinism?

Accepted Answer

A development of Lutheranism by John Calvin that emphasizes predestination

Question 6

What is predestination in religion?

Accepted Answer

The doctrine that all events have been willed by God

Question 7

What is Puritanism?

Accepted Answer

A religious movement that attempted to distance itself from Catholicism

Question 8

What was the Protestant Reformation?

Accepted Answer

A major religious movement in Western Christianity that broke Catholicism into parts

Question 9

What is Anglicanism?

Accepted Answer

A branch of Protestantism created in England by Henry VIII

(Henry created his own Church to avoid control of Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire)

Question 10

What was the Holy Synod?

Accepted Answer

The highest part of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17-1800s

(created by Peter the Great after he abolished the position of patriarch)

Question 11

What was the Counter-Reformation/Catholic-Reformation?

Accepted Answer

The attempts of the Roman Catholic Church to prevent the Protestant Reformation

Question 12

Who was Charles V?

Accepted Answer

The Holy Roman Emporer who enacted the Counter-Reformation to stop the spread of Protestantism

Question 13

Who was Phillip II?

Accepted Answer

The ruler of Spain after Charles V abdicated

Question 14

What was the Peace of Augsburg?

Accepted Answer

A treaty between Charles V and the Lutherans to end the religious struggle

Allowed each German state to choose its religion

Question 15

Who were the Huguenots?

Accepted Answer

French Protestants that followed Calvinism

Question 16

What was the Edict of Nantes?

Accepted Answer

A French statement by Henry IV that allowed the Huguenots to practice Calvinism

(later revoked by Louis XIV)

Question 17

What was the Thirty Years' War?

Accepted Answer

A huge war between the Catholics and Protestants that caused economic destruction in Europe

Question 18

What was the Peace of Westphalia?

Accepted Answer

Peace Treaties that allowed each state of the Holy Roman Empire to choose its own religion

(England=Protestant; North-Europe=Lutheranism/Calvinism, France/Spain/Italy=Catholic)

Question 19

What was the Fall of Constantinople?

Accepted Answer

The capture of the Byzantine Empire's capital (Constantinople) by the Ottoman Empire

(marked the effective end of the Roman Empire)

Question 20

What is Shariah?

Accepted Answer

A strict set of Islamic laws

(the Ottomans replaced the Byzantine Empire's law with Shariah after the Fall of Constantinople)

Question 21

What was Akbar's policy on religion?

Accepted Answer

Tolerant of nearly everything, trying to ease tensions between religions

(tried to prohibit child marriages and obviously wrong religious practices)

Question 22

Who was Francis Bacon?

Accepted Answer

Developer of the scientific method, responsible for the scientific revolution

Question 23

What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Islam?

Accepted Answer

Ottoman Empire was Sunni, Safavids were Shia

Different beliefs over who should have succeeded Muhammad

(Shiites thought successor should've been related to Muhammad; Sunnis thought successor could be another religious individual)

Question 24

What is tax farming?

Accepted Answer

Method of collecting taxes where a 3rd-party/private individual collects taxes for the government

Empires were too big, and travel was too slow for it to be centralized

(occurred in the Ottoman Empire and pre-revolutionary France)

3.3 - Belief Systems of Land-based Empires, AP World History: Modern Flashcards