Question 1

How did railroads influence industrialization and imperialism?

Accepted Answer

Railroads allowed access to interiors of colonies

Lowered cost of transported goods for shipment to Europe, and helped open colonial markets

Question 2

What were steamships?

Accepted Answer

Type of steam-powered vessel

Requries huge quantities of coal for fuel

(became more efficient in the 1870s, making them useful for long term travel)

Question 3

Why did Cecil Rhodes want to create a railroad project throughout Africa?

Accepted Answer

Connect all the British colonies to make governance easier and aid in mobilizing for war

(never happened since Britain never took control of enough land)

Question 4

What was the telegraph?

Accepted Answer

A device invented in 1832 that allowed instant communication across long distances

Question 5

How did a colonist desire for cash crops affect local economies?

Accepted Answer

Food prices rose as cash crops replaced food crops

Also tended to develop monocultures, which makes it hard to re-diversify land

Question 6

What is guano?

Accepted Answer

Excrement of seabirds and bats that is used as a fertilizer

Question 7

Why was guano in such high demand?

Accepted Answer

Rich in nitrates and phosphates, making it an excellent natural fertilizer

(millions of tons of guano were dug by hand and loaded onto ships; Chile and Peru had large quantities)

Question 8

What are export economies?

Accepted Answer

Economies focuses on exporting raw materials

Question 9

Why did the British Parliament ban Indian cotton textiles in 1721?

Accepted Answer

They competed with the native wool industry

(Britain ended up getting ~80% of their cotton from the US)

Question 10

Why was rubber useful?

Accepted Answer

Produce tires for bikes (eventually cars too), hoses, gaskets, shoe soles, and other items

Question 11

How did the American Civil War affect export economies?

Accepted Answer

Since the Confederacy's exportation of cotton was cut off, cotton producers (Egypt, India) benefitted

Question 12

How did companies get enough rubber to keep up with demand?

Accepted Answer

Forced indigenous workers into virtual slavery, most often in the Amazon or Central Africa

Thousands of acres of forest were cleared in Southeast Asia to make room for rubber plantations

Question 13

What is palm oil?

Accepted Answer

A vegetable oil that was used to lubricate Industrial Revolution machinery

(huge demand in Europe; originated in West Africa)

Question 14

What is ivory?

Accepted Answer

White substance that makes elephant tusks

Very sought after in the 19th century, even more so than colonies

(The Ivory Coast was named after the trading posts the French set up there to acquire ivory)

Question 15

What was the De Beers Mining Company?

Accepted Answer

A company formed by Cecil Rhodes to produce diamonds

(Rhodes became the most powerful man in South Africa; Rhodesia was informally named after him)

Question 16

What was apartheid?

Accepted Answer

Racial segregation that plagued South Africa in the 1900s

(Cecil Rhodes' racist policies ended up forming apartheid)

Question 17

What are monocultures?

Accepted Answer

Agricultural practice of growing a single crop in vast quantities

(often deplete soil fertility and allow diseases/pests to spread more easily)

6.4 - Global Economic Development, AP World History: Modern Flashcards