Question 1

Why was Russia behind other nations by the early 20th century?

Accepted Answer

Its government didn't promote economic growth and was slow to reform itself

(slow to expand education, build roads, become a democracy, support entrepreneurs with loans, ...)

Question 2

Who were the Bolsheviks?

Accepted Answer

A communist organization representing the Russian working class who seized power and set up a communist government with Lenin as leader

Question 3

Who was Sun Yat-sen?

Accepted Answer

Chinese statesman that served as the first president of the Republic of China after the Qing Dynasty collapsed

(Christian, but believed China should continue to follow Confucian values)

Question 4

Why did Sun Yat-sen lose power?

Accepted Answer

He never had the military strength to rule all of China, so he gave up his position to a military leader

(greatly influenced the Chinese Republic nevertheless)

Question 5

What was Turkification?

Accepted Answer

An effort by the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire to make all Ottoman citizens identify with Islamic Turkish culture

(difficult due to millions of Christian Armenians who were scapegoated for economic problems)

Question 6

Who were the Young Turks?

Accepted Answer

A group of reformers in the Ottoman Empire who advocated a European-like constitution

Question 7

Who was Atatürk?

Accepted Answer

The name given to Mustafa Kemal after he became president

Question 8

Who was Mustafa Kemal?

Accepted Answer

The leader of the Turkish National Movement during WWI who fought for self-determination

(defeated the British in 1921; established the Republic of Turkey with him as president in 1923; later became known as Atatürk)

Question 9

What did Atatürk do after coming to power?

Accepted Answer

Reformed the nation to make it more like Western democracies, although he still ruled as dictator for 15 years

(attempted to make Turkey more secular, established public education for boys and girls, abolished polygyny, and allowed women to vote)

Question 10

Who was Francisco Madero?

Accepted Answer

Political opponent of Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz, who Díaz jailed

Later escaped and formed a revolution to send Díaz into exile

Question 11

What was the Mexican Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A major political revolution in Mexico that caused it to adopt a new constitution with Western-democracy values

(land distribution, universal suffrage, public education)

Question 12

Who was Francisco "Pancho" Villa?

Accepted Answer

Military leader during the Mexican Revolution who led Madero's troops to defeat Díaz and send him into exile

Question 13

Who was Emiliano Zapata?

Accepted Answer

A revolutionary leader during the Mexican Revolution that began redistributing land to peasants

Question 14

What was the Industrial Revolutionary Party (PRI)?

Accepted Answer

A dominant Mexican political party that was widely criticized as corrupt

(all Mexican presidents until 2000 were PRI members)

7.1 - Shifting Power, AP World History: Modern Flashcards