Question 1

Why did German money inflate drastically following WWI?

Accepted Answer

The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay billions in reparations, which Germany could not afford, causing its government to print more money

Question 2

What was the Great Depression?

Accepted Answer

A severe worldwide economic depression, that occurred mostly during the 1930s

Question 3

Who was John Maynard Keynes?

Accepted Answer

British economist who rejected laissez-faire and founded Keynesian economics, concluding that intentional government action could improve the economy

Question 4

What is defecit spending?

Accepted Answer

Part of Keynesian Economics that states governments should spend more than they take in to stimulate economic activity during a depression

(by cutting taxes and increasing spending, governments would spur economic growth)

Question 5

What was the New Deal?

Accepted Answer

A series of policies and programs created by FDR to lift the US out of the Great Depression

(goal was to bring: relief, recovery, and reform)

Question 6

How did the Great Depression end in the US?

Accepted Answer

A combination of the New Deal and entering WWII

Question 7

Why did Africa, Asia, and Latin America suffer because of the Great Depression?

Accepted Answer

They depended on the imperial nations that experienced the Great Depression

Question 8

What was the Russian Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A civil war that broke out in Russia following the Bolshevik Revolution

(the Red Army with Lenin vs. the White Army with various forces)

Question 9

What was the New Economic Plan?

Accepted Answer

A temporary retreat by Lenin from communist economic policies, where he reintroduced private trade at a small scale

(introduced after Lenin realized the Russian economy was near complete collapse in 1921)

Question 10

What was the Politburo?

Accepted Answer

The Soviet Union's policymaking committee and central organization

(technically applies to any communist country)

Question 11

How did Stalin rise to power?

Accepted Answer

Took control of the Politburo after Lenin died and established himself as dictator, ruling for ~30 years

Question 12

Who was Joseph Stalin?

Accepted Answer

A Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union after Lenin's death

Question 13

What did Stalin do once in power?

Accepted Answer

Abandoned Lenin's NEP and instituted the Five-Year Plan

Question 14

What was the Five-Year Plan?

Accepted Answer

Stalin's plan to transform the Soviet Union into an industrial power

(wanted to transform the agricultural economy to one that had "caught up" with the Western industrial economies)

Question 15

What was collectivization in the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

A process under Stalin of taking farmland from private owners and giving it to collectives (kolkhoz) to manage

(failed horribly leading to massive starvation)

Question 16

What were kolkhozes?

(singular: kolkhoz)

Accepted Answer

Groups of peasants who were joined together to farm a certain portion of land

(theoretically free, but in practice peasants were forced to work on a specific collective and follow detailed plans)

Question 17

What effect did collectivization have on the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

Farmers were enraged and retaliated by burning crops and livestock

Millions of peasants starved to death, especially in the Ukraine

Question 18

What were gulags?

Accepted Answer

Soviet labor camps during Stalin's reign, where millions died

(Stalin sent his political opponents to gulags)

Question 19

Who was Lázaro Cárdenas?

Accepted Answer

A Mexican president who successfully reformed land during the PRI's rule

Question 20

What was Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)?

Accepted Answer

A huge state-owned company, formed after Cárdenas nationalized the oil industry

Question 21

What is fascism?

Accepted Answer

A form of far-right authoritarian government, appealing to extreme nationalism, glorified military, that often blamed problems on ethnic minorities

Question 22

What is corporatism?

Accepted Answer

A theory that different sectors of the economy (employers, trade unions, state officials) are separate organs of the same body

Each sector is supposedly free to organize itself as it wished, as long as it supported the whole

(in practice, the fascist state controlled everything)

Question 23

What did Mussolini do in Africa?

Accepted Answer

Invaded Abyssinia (Ethiopia) for the second time after Italy failed to take control the first time

(defied the League of Nations in doing so, leading to a drop in the League's credibility)

Question 24

What is a totalitarian state?

Accepted Answer

A state where the government controls all aspects of society

Question 25

What was the Spanish Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A military revolt against Spain's Republican government, that took on global significance as a struggle between democracy and facism

Question 26

What was the Spanish Republic?

Accepted Answer

The Spanish government during the interwar period, being formed after King Alfonso VIII abdicated

Question 27

What was the Spanish Popular Front?

Accepted Answer

A coalition of left-wing parties that led the government, elected by the Spanish people

Eventually rebelled against by Spanish military forces, starting the Spanish civil war

Question 28

Who was Francisco Franco?

Accepted Answer

A Spanish General who led the insurgents during the Spanish Civil War, who called themselves the Nationalists

Question 29

What were the two sides of the Spanish Civil War?

Accepted Answer

The Nationalists, the revolutionaries who went against the Spanish government (led by Francisco Franco)

The Republicans/Loyalists, the defenders of the Spanish Republic

Question 30

What is Guernica?

Accepted Answer

A town in Spain's Basque region, that is famous for being one of the first times an aerial bombing targeted civilians

(most likely a military exercise for Germany's Luftwaffe; inspired a Picasso painting)

Question 31

What was the Luftwaffe?

Accepted Answer

The German airforce that became the most powerful in the world by the start of WWII

(founded by Hitler)

Question 32

How did the Spanish Civil War end?

Accepted Answer

Franco's forces defeated the Loyalist army, and he ruled as dictator until his death in 1975

Question 33

What did Brazil do in the 1930s?

Accepted Answer

Quickly industrialized under Getulio Vargas, however, also instituted policies similar to European fascists

(parallels between Italy and Brazil)

Question 34

What is hypernationalism?

Accepted Answer

A belief that one's nation is superior over all others, and the single-minded promotion of national interests

7.4 - Interwar Economy, AP World History: Modern Flashcards