Question 1

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

Accepted Answer

A document by the United Nations that asserts basic rights and freedoms for all human beings

(without discrimination based on "race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status")

Question 2

What are human rights?

Accepted Answer

Basic protections that are common to all people

(the UN acts to promote human rights)

Question 3

What is the United Nation International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)?

Accepted Answer

A UN agency that seeks to provide humanitarian assistance to children in need, worldwide

(formed in 1946 to help children in Europe that suffered as a result of WWII)

Question 4

What is the International Court of Justice?

Accepted Answer

A judicial body, controlled by the UN, that settles disputes over international law

(15 judges, each from a different country; mostly deals with border disputes and treaty violations)

Question 5

How does the UN attempt to protect refugees?

Accepted Answer

Works through NGO sub-agencies to provide food, medicine, and temporary shelter

(one of the earliest examples is helping Palestinians who fled the disorder after the creation of Israel in 1948)

Question 6

What is global feminism?

Accepted Answer

A movement to advance women's rights on a global scale

Question 7

What was the Negritude Movement?

Accepted Answer

A movement that emphasized pride in "blackness," rejecting French colonialism, and self-determination

(primarily in French West Africa)

Question 8

Who was Léopold Sédar Senghor?

Accepted Answer

A Senegalese poet who wrote poems about the beauty and uniqueness of African culture

(later became the president of Senegal)

Question 9

What is liberation theology?

Accepted Answer

A synthesis of Christianity and socialism, that spread through Latin America in the 1950s and 1960s

(interpreted Jesus' teachings to include freeing people from economic abuse)

Question 10

Who is Pope Francis?

Accepted Answer

Head of the Catholic Church and Vatican City State

(first pope from the Americas; reversed the Vatican's opposition to liberation theology)

Question 11

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Accepted Answer

A US law that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin

(complementary to the 1965 Voting Rights Act)

Question 12

What was the 1965 Voting Rights Act?

Accepted Answer

A US law that banned discrimination in voting

(combined with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the US government stepped in to protect the rights of all citizens)

Question 13

What were "pass laws"?

Accepted Answer

Former laws in South Africa, that required black South Africans to carry identity documents when entering "white areas"

(part of apartheid)

Question 14

What policies did apartheid institute?

Accepted Answer

Black South Africans...

carry identity documents (pass laws)

couldn't marry whites

banned from living in parts of South Africa

were dehumanized and marginalized

Question 15

Who is Desmond Tutu?

Accepted Answer

A South African Anglican cleric who was a huge advocate for human rights and ending apartheid

Question 16

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Accepted Answer

Leader of the African National Congress, who was imprisoned for life after fighting against apartheid

(his imprisonment inspired a global movement to end apartheid)

Question 17

What is the African National Congress?

Accepted Answer

South Africa's current governing body, that was created to end white domination and create a multiracial South Africa

Question 18

What is a pariah state?

Accepted Answer

A nation considered to be an "outcast" in the international community

(South Africa was a pariah state due to apartheid)

Question 19

What was the Truth and Reconciliation Commission?

Accepted Answer

A court-like system set up in South Africa that sought to establish an atmosphere of trust in South Africa, following the abolition of apartheid

(unlike the Nuremberg Trials that sought retribution, the TRC sought to bring South Africa together)

Question 20

Who is F. W. de Klerk?

Accepted Answer

Former South African president, who recognized the need for change and released Mandela from prison

Question 21

Who are "Dalits"?

Accepted Answer

Lowest members of the Hindu caste system, that faced heavy historical discrimination

(known as "untouchables"; if you were touched by a Dalit, you were meant to undergo a cleansing ritual)

Question 22

What is the caste reservation system?

Accepted Answer

A system where the Indian government attempted to help historically disadvantaged groups

(provided them representation in education, employment, and politics)

Question 23

What is the purpose of Earth Day?

Accepted Answer

Allow people to focus on environmental awareness, as part of a movement for claiming environmental rights to clean water, air, and a sustainable planet

Question 24

What is Greenpeace?

Accepted Answer

A multinational organization that advocates for the environment

(famous for direct actions, such as confronting whaling boats in the ocean)

Question 25

What is the Green Belt Movement?

Accepted Answer

A grassroots NGO that attempts to conserve and protect the environment

(founded by Wangari Maathai in response to environmental degradation due to colonialism)

Question 26

Who was Wangari Maathai?

Accepted Answer

Kenyan social, environmental, and political advocate that founded the Green Belt Movement

9.5 - Calls for Reform, AP World History: Modern Flashcards